Global Competitiveness Index for the EU-28 countries
| Country | 2008/2009 | 2009/2010 | 2010/2011 | 2011/2012 | 2012/2013 | 2013/2014 | 2014–2015 | 2015/2016 | 2017/2018 | 2018/2019 | 2019/2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 5.23 | 5.13 | 5.09 | 5.14 | 5.22 | 5.15 | 5.16 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 76.6 |
| Belgium | 5.14 | 5.09 | 5.07 | 5.20 | 5.21 | 5.13 | 5.18 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 70.4 |
| Bulgaria | 4.03 | 4.02 | 4.13 | 4.16 | 4.27 | 4.31 | 4.37 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 64.9 |
| Croatia | 4.22 | 4.03 | 4.04 | 4.08 | 4.04 | 4.13 | 4.13 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 61.9 |
| Cyprus | 4.53 | 4.57 | 4.50 | 4.36 | 4.32 | 4.30 | 4.31 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 66.4 |
| Czechia | 4.62 | 4.67 | 4.57 | 4.52 | 4.51 | 4.43 | 4.53 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 70.9 |
| Denmark | 5.58 | 5.46 | 5.32 | 5.40 | 5.29 | 5.18 | 5.29 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 81.2 |
| Estonia | 4.67 | 4.56 | 4.61 | 4.62 | 4.64 | 4.65 | 4.71 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 70.9 |
| France | 5.50 | 5.43 | 5.37 | 5.47 | 5.55 | 5.54 | 5.50 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 78.8 |
| Finland | 5.22 | 5.13 | 5.13 | 5.14 | 5.11 | 5.05 | 5.08 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 80.2 |
| Germany | 5.46 | 5.37 | 5.39 | 5.41 | 5.48 | 5.51 | 5.49 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 80.8 |
| Greece | 4.11 | 4.04 | 3.99 | 3.92 | 3.86 | 3.93 | 4.04 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 62.6 |
| Hungary | 4.22 | 4.22 | 4.33 | 4.36 | 4.30 | 4.25 | 4.28 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 66.1 |
| Ireland | 4.99 | 4.84 | 4.74 | 4.77 | 4.91 | 4.92 | 4.98 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 75.1 |
| Italy | 4.35 | 4.31 | 4.37 | 4.43 | 4.46 | 4.41 | 4.42 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 71.5 |
| Luxembourg | 4.26 | 4.06 | 4.14 | 4.24 | 4.35 | 4.40 | 4.50 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 77.7 |
| Latvia | 4.45 | 4.30 | 4.38 | 4.41 | 4.41 | 4.41 | 4.51 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 67.0 |
| Lithuania | 4.85 | 4.96 | 5.05 | 5.03 | 5.09 | 5.09 | 5.17 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 68.4 |
| Malta | 4.31 | 4.30 | 4.34 | 4.33 | 4.41 | 4.50 | 4.45 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 68.5 |
| Netherlands | 5.41 | 5.32 | 5.33 | 5.41 | 5.50 | 5.42 | 5.45 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 82.4 |
| Poland | 4.28 | 4.33 | 4.51 | 4.46 | 4.46 | 4.46 | 4.48 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 68.9 |
| Portugal | 4.47 | 4.40 | 4.38 | 4.40 | 4.40 | 4.40 | 4.54 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 70.4 |
| Romania | 4.10 | 4.11 | 4.16 | 4.08 | 4.07 | 4.13 | 4.30 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 64.4 |
| Slovakia | 4.40 | 4.31 | 4.25 | 4.19 | 4.14 | 4.10 | 4.15 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 66.8 |
| Slovenia | 4.50 | 4.55 | 4.42 | 4.30 | 4.34 | 4.25 | 4.22 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 70.2 |
| Spain | 4.72 | 4.59 | 4.49 | 4.54 | 4.60 | 4.57 | 4.55 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 75.3 |
| Sweden | 5.53 | 5.51 | 5.56 | 5.61 | 5.53 | 5.48 | 5.41 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 81.2 |
| The UK | 5.30 | 5.19 | 5.25 | 5.39 | 5.45 | 5.37 | 5.41 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 81.2 |
| Country | 2008/2009 | 2009/2010 | 2010/2011 | 2011/2012 | 2012/2013 | 2013/2014 | 2014–2015 | 2015/2016 | 2017/2018 | 2018/2019 | 2019/2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 5.23 | 5.13 | 5.09 | 5.14 | 5.22 | 5.15 | 5.16 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 76.6 |
| Belgium | 5.14 | 5.09 | 5.07 | 5.20 | 5.21 | 5.13 | 5.18 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 70.4 |
| Bulgaria | 4.03 | 4.02 | 4.13 | 4.16 | 4.27 | 4.31 | 4.37 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 64.9 |
| Croatia | 4.22 | 4.03 | 4.04 | 4.08 | 4.04 | 4.13 | 4.13 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 61.9 |
| Cyprus | 4.53 | 4.57 | 4.50 | 4.36 | 4.32 | 4.30 | 4.31 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 66.4 |
| Czechia | 4.62 | 4.67 | 4.57 | 4.52 | 4.51 | 4.43 | 4.53 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 70.9 |
| Denmark | 5.58 | 5.46 | 5.32 | 5.40 | 5.29 | 5.18 | 5.29 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 81.2 |
| Estonia | 4.67 | 4.56 | 4.61 | 4.62 | 4.64 | 4.65 | 4.71 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 70.9 |
| France | 5.50 | 5.43 | 5.37 | 5.47 | 5.55 | 5.54 | 5.50 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 78.8 |
| Finland | 5.22 | 5.13 | 5.13 | 5.14 | 5.11 | 5.05 | 5.08 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 80.2 |
| Germany | 5.46 | 5.37 | 5.39 | 5.41 | 5.48 | 5.51 | 5.49 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 4.5 | 80.8 |
| Greece | 4.11 | 4.04 | 3.99 | 3.92 | 3.86 | 3.93 | 4.04 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 62.6 |
| Hungary | 4.22 | 4.22 | 4.33 | 4.36 | 4.30 | 4.25 | 4.28 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 66.1 |
| Ireland | 4.99 | 4.84 | 4.74 | 4.77 | 4.91 | 4.92 | 4.98 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 75.1 |
| Italy | 4.35 | 4.31 | 4.37 | 4.43 | 4.46 | 4.41 | 4.42 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 71.5 |
| Luxembourg | 4.26 | 4.06 | 4.14 | 4.24 | 4.35 | 4.40 | 4.50 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 77.7 |
| Latvia | 4.45 | 4.30 | 4.38 | 4.41 | 4.41 | 4.41 | 4.51 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 67.0 |
| Lithuania | 4.85 | 4.96 | 5.05 | 5.03 | 5.09 | 5.09 | 5.17 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 68.4 |
| Malta | 4.31 | 4.30 | 4.34 | 4.33 | 4.41 | 4.50 | 4.45 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 68.5 |
| Netherlands | 5.41 | 5.32 | 5.33 | 5.41 | 5.50 | 5.42 | 5.45 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.2 | 82.4 |
| Poland | 4.28 | 4.33 | 4.51 | 4.46 | 4.46 | 4.46 | 4.48 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.5 | 68.9 |
| Portugal | 4.47 | 4.40 | 4.38 | 4.40 | 4.40 | 4.40 | 4.54 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 70.4 |
| Romania | 4.10 | 4.11 | 4.16 | 4.08 | 4.07 | 4.13 | 4.30 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 64.4 |
| Slovakia | 4.40 | 4.31 | 4.25 | 4.19 | 4.14 | 4.10 | 4.15 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 66.8 |
| Slovenia | 4.50 | 4.55 | 4.42 | 4.30 | 4.34 | 4.25 | 4.22 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 70.2 |
| Spain | 4.72 | 4.59 | 4.49 | 4.54 | 4.60 | 4.57 | 4.55 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 75.3 |
| Sweden | 5.53 | 5.51 | 5.56 | 5.61 | 5.53 | 5.48 | 5.41 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 81.2 |
| The UK | 5.30 | 5.19 | 5.25 | 5.39 | 5.45 | 5.37 | 5.41 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 81.2 |
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