Table I Item reliability and validity...

Table I

Item reliability and validity

Items	Factor loading	t-value
Logistics innovation capability α = 0.87, CR = 0.91, AVE = 0.62
My firm applies creative techniques in freight movement and distribution	0.72	15.99
My firm regularly improves the company's operational systems	0.75	17.56
My firm adopts technologies and innovative solutions for problem-solving	0.81	13.96
My firm applies simplification of operations	0.83	14.84
My firm applies standardisation of operations	0.82	13.61
My firm applies protection for freight safety and risk	0.76	09.92
Company-side risk α = 0.90, CR = 0.93, AVE = 0.72
One inadequate operational strength (e.g., poor fleet/ delivery capacity)	0.86	23.56
Two storage issues (e.g., school/company closed, temperature control)	0.77	09.15
Three delays in pickup/delivery	0.81	17.25
Three poor communication between company and drivers	0.92	36.10
Six poor information sharing within the company	0.88	25.56
Customer-side risk α = 0.90, CR = 0.93, AVE = 0.76
Delays due to customer's mistakes (e.g., not home, incorrect paperwork)	0.85	18.54
Customers changing the preference	0.92	29.71
Inaccurate forecast of customers' freight volume	0.88	25.27
Higher customer expectation (e.g., misunderstanding transit time)	0.85	15.18
Environment-side risk α = 0.88, CR = 0.91, AVE = 0.67
Labour/driver shortage	0.79	22.16
Road congestion/closures	0.83	20.61
Weather/natural disasters/industrial action (e.g., bushfire, strike)	0.82	19.15
Unstable fuel prices	0.83	20.70
Government laws/regulation	0.84	18.40

Items	Factor loading	t-value
Logistics innovation capability α = 0.87, CR = 0.91, AVE = 0.62
My firm applies creative techniques in freight movement and distribution	0.72	15.99
My firm regularly improves the company's operational systems	0.75	17.56
My firm adopts technologies and innovative solutions for problem-solving	0.81	13.96
My firm applies simplification of operations	0.83	14.84
My firm applies standardisation of operations	0.82	13.61
My firm applies protection for freight safety and risk	0.76	09.92
Company-side risk α = 0.90, CR = 0.93, AVE = 0.72
One inadequate operational strength (e.g., poor fleet/ delivery capacity)	0.86	23.56
Two storage issues (e.g., school/company closed, temperature control)	0.77	09.15
Three delays in pickup/delivery	0.81	17.25
Three poor communication between company and drivers	0.92	36.10
Six poor information sharing within the company	0.88	25.56
Customer-side risk α = 0.90, CR = 0.93, AVE = 0.76
Delays due to customer's mistakes (e.g., not home, incorrect paperwork)	0.85	18.54
Customers changing the preference	0.92	29.71
Inaccurate forecast of customers' freight volume	0.88	25.27
Higher customer expectation (e.g., misunderstanding transit time)	0.85	15.18
Environment-side risk α = 0.88, CR = 0.91, AVE = 0.67
Labour/driver shortage	0.79	22.16
Road congestion/closures	0.83	20.61
Weather/natural disasters/industrial action (e.g., bushfire, strike)	0.82	19.15
Unstable fuel prices	0.83	20.70
Government laws/regulation	0.84	18.40

Note: (1) α = Cronbach's alpha; (2) CR = composite reliability; (3) AVE = average variance extracted

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