Table 7

Perception of food hazards by consumer segments

VariablesLow-risk perceptionModerate-risk perceptionHigh-risk perceptionVery-high-risk perception
Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)Mean (SD)
Subjective control over
  1. Pesticide

4.22a (2.23)3.28b (2.18)3.46b (2.13)2.90b (2.09)
  • (2)Bacteria

5.25a (2.49)4.30b (2.42)5.35a (2.59)4.71a (2.62)
  • (3)Heavy metal

3.43a (2.09)2.60b (1.83)2.84b (1.96)2.66b (2.13)
Self-reported consequences of
  1. Pesticide

7.50a (2.35)7.97ab (1.87)8.20b (1.91)9.14c (1.40)
  • (2)Bacteria

6.63a (2.30)7.25b (1.97)7.23b (2.08)8.00c (2.32)
  • (3)Heavy metal

7.13a (2.30)8.01b (1.78)7.75b (2.05)8.78c (1.96)

Note(s): a, b,c Scores in one row with a different superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. “Control” and “Consequence” items were measured by ten-point Likert scale. For Control items, 1 denotes “completely uncontrollable” while 10 presents “completely controllable.” For Consequence items, 1 means “not dangerous at all” and 10 represents “extremely dangerous”

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