Table 2 Green, lean practices and...

Table 2

Green, lean practices and sustainable performance measures

Green practices	Description	Source
Water consumption reduction	“Efforts for reduction of water consumption in the business operations”	Farias et al. (2019)
Water pollution reduction	“Reduction of contamination of water bodies as a result of business operations”	Farias et al. (2019)
Energy efficiency	“Usage of less energy to perform the same operations in the business organization, through eliminating waste”	Farias et al. (2019)
Material efficiency	“Usage of less material resources to perform the same operations in the business organization, through eliminating waste”	Farias et al. (2019)
GHG emission reduction	“Reduction of quantity of greenhouse gasses released to the atmosphere through the business operations”	Farias et al. (2019)
Lean practices	Description	Source
Pull production/flow	“An approach to produce only what the customer wants just when the customer wants it, thereby the production systems are flexible enough to accommodate shifting demand immediately”	Farias et al. (2019)
Lot size reduction	“Lot size refers to the quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run. A small, lot size causes reduction in inventory level, variability in the system and ensures smooth production”	Wu et al. (2015)
Continuous improvement/Kaizen	“Activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers”	Farias et al. (2019)
Preventive maintenance	“Preventive maintenance (or preventative maintenance) is maintenance that is regularly performed on a piece of equipment to lessen the likelihood of it failing. It is performed while the equipment is still working so that it does not break down unexpectedly”	Kovilage (2018)
Employee involvement	“A situation where employees participate directly to help an organization to fulfill its mission and meet its objectives by applying their ideas, expertise, and efforts towards problem solving and decision making”	Kovilage (2018)
Cycle time reduction	“Cycle time, also called throughput time, is the amount of time required to produce a product or service. Cycle time reduction is achieved by reducing the time spent on non-value-added activities and simplification and streamlining of the process”	Wu et al. (2015)
Sustainable performance measures	Description	Source
Inventory level	“Inventory refers to the items that are kept in stock to process or resell. Keeping a high level of inventory adds a cost to the business as inventory handling, holding, obsoleteness, etc.”	Farias et al. (2019)
Profitability	“The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain”	Farias et al. (2019)
Waste generation	“Amount of total waste generates through all the processes in a business”	Farias et al. (2019)
Quality	“It refers to the fitness for use or conformance to the standard”	Farias et al. (2019)
Cost	“It refers the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore”	Farias et al. (2019)
Employee satisfaction	“Employee satisfaction is the term used to describe whether employees are happy and fulfilling their desires and needs at work”	Wu et al. (2015)
Customer satisfaction	“It refers how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation”	Wu et al. (2015)
Lead time	“The time elapse between order receiving from the customer to delivering the order to the customer”	Kovilage (2018)
Resources consumption	“Amount of material, energy and water usage for the operations in a business organization”	Kovilage (2018)

Green practices	Description	Source
Water consumption reduction	“Efforts for reduction of water consumption in the business operations”	Farias et al. (2019)
Water pollution reduction	“Reduction of contamination of water bodies as a result of business operations”	Farias et al. (2019)
Energy efficiency	“Usage of less energy to perform the same operations in the business organization, through eliminating waste”	Farias et al. (2019)
Material efficiency	“Usage of less material resources to perform the same operations in the business organization, through eliminating waste”	Farias et al. (2019)
GHG emission reduction	“Reduction of quantity of greenhouse gasses released to the atmosphere through the business operations”	Farias et al. (2019)
Lean practices	Description	Source
Pull production/flow	“An approach to produce only what the customer wants just when the customer wants it, thereby the production systems are flexible enough to accommodate shifting demand immediately”	Farias et al. (2019)
Lot size reduction	“Lot size refers to the quantity of an item ordered for delivery on a specific date or manufactured in a single production run. A small, lot size causes reduction in inventory level, variability in the system and ensures smooth production”	Wu et al. (2015)
Continuous improvement/Kaizen	“Activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers”	Farias et al. (2019)
Preventive maintenance	“Preventive maintenance (or preventative maintenance) is maintenance that is regularly performed on a piece of equipment to lessen the likelihood of it failing. It is performed while the equipment is still working so that it does not break down unexpectedly”	Kovilage (2018)
Employee involvement	“A situation where employees participate directly to help an organization to fulfill its mission and meet its objectives by applying their ideas, expertise, and efforts towards problem solving and decision making”	Kovilage (2018)
Cycle time reduction	“Cycle time, also called throughput time, is the amount of time required to produce a product or service. Cycle time reduction is achieved by reducing the time spent on non-value-added activities and simplification and streamlining of the process”	Wu et al. (2015)
Sustainable performance measures	Description	Source
Inventory level	“Inventory refers to the items that are kept in stock to process or resell. Keeping a high level of inventory adds a cost to the business as inventory handling, holding, obsoleteness, etc.”	Farias et al. (2019)
Profitability	“The degree to which a business or activity yields profit or financial gain”	Farias et al. (2019)
Waste generation	“Amount of total waste generates through all the processes in a business”	Farias et al. (2019)
Quality	“It refers to the fitness for use or conformance to the standard”	Farias et al. (2019)
Cost	“It refers the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore”	Farias et al. (2019)
Employee satisfaction	“Employee satisfaction is the term used to describe whether employees are happy and fulfilling their desires and needs at work”	Wu et al. (2015)
Customer satisfaction	“It refers how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation”	Wu et al. (2015)
Lead time	“The time elapse between order receiving from the customer to delivering the order to the customer”	Kovilage (2018)
Resources consumption	“Amount of material, energy and water usage for the operations in a business organization”	Kovilage (2018)

[ViewLarge]

Sharing Unavailable