Table 1 Operationalization and...

Table 1

Operationalization and measurement of Variables

Category	Variable type	Indicators	Empirical studies	Measurement
Dependent variable	Personal retirement planning	Several items constructs on investments and savings for retirement purposes	Jime (2018), Klapper et al. (2011), Ntalianis and Wise (2011)	Ordinal Likert scale
Independent variables	Financial literacy
	Financial knowledge	Several items constructs	Arrondel (2013), Bongini et al. (2019)	Ordinal Likert scale
	Computation capability	Several items constructs	Klapper et al. (2011), Anderson et al. (2017), Rooij et al. (2011)	Ordinal Likert scale
	Financial education	Several items constructs	Lusardi and Mitchell (2017), Ntalianis and Wise (2011)	Ordinal Likert scale
	Attitudes toward financial products	Several items constructs	Dummann (2008), Satria and Hutabarat (2020), Meir et al. (2016)	Ordinal Likert scale

Category	Variable type	Indicators	Empirical studies	Measurement
Dependent variable	Personal retirement planning	Several items constructs on investments and savings for retirement purposes	Jime (2018), Klapper et al. (2011), Ntalianis and Wise (2011)	OrdinalLikert scale
Independent variables	Financial literacy
	Financial knowledge	Several items constructs	Arrondel (2013), Bongini et al. (2019)	OrdinalLikert scale
	Computation capability	Several items constructs	Klapper et al. (2011), Anderson et al. (2017), Rooij et al. (2011)	OrdinalLikert scale
	Financial education	Several items constructs	Lusardi and Mitchell (2017), Ntalianis and Wise (2011)	OrdinalLikert scale
	Attitudes toward financial products	Several items constructs	Dummann (2008), Satria and Hutabarat (2020), Meir et al. (2016)	OrdinalLikert scale