Table 4

Calculation parameters of the hypoplastic constitutive model

HypoplasticityValueIntergranular strainValue
φcCritical state friction angle: °33RSize of the elastic range1 × 10−4
hsGranular hardness: MPa4800
nExponent of limiting void ratio curves0.37βrControls the rate of degradation of the stiffness with strain0.1
edoReference minimum void ratio0.42
ecoReference critical void ratio0.77χControls the rate of degradation of the stiffness with strain1
eioReference maximum void ratio0.93
αDependency of peak friction0.12mT5
βDependency of soil stiffness1.7mR2

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