Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix
| Mean AQTB | Mean DI | SocialId | MeanGE | LnAge | Female | TeamRole | TeamSize | Tenure | MeanSat | MeanTAT | CostGap | LnTA | ROA | Leverage | InvenTA ratio | Sales Growth | State Client | |
| Panel B: Correlation matrix | ||||||||||||||||||
| MeanAQTB | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||||
| MeanDI | 0.1446* | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| SocialId | −0.254* | 0.02* | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||
| MeanGE | 0.012 | 0.113 | 0.102 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||
| LnAge | −0.082 | 0.061 | 0.149 | 0.136 | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
| Female | −0.128 | −0.003 | 0.160 | 0.047 | −0.134 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| TeamRole | −0.016 | −0.051 | −0.151 | −0.049 | −0.326 | 0.035 | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| TeamSize | 0.123 | 0.051 | −0.051 | 0.009 | 0.087 | −0.124 | 0.054 | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| Tenure | −0.059 | 0.006 | 0.070 | −0.010 | 0.031 | 0.023 | −0.048 | 0.064 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| MeanSatis | −0.140 | 0.107 | 0.324 | 0.101 | 0.129 | 0.036 | −0.147 | −0.010 | 0.026 | 1.000 | ||||||||
| MeanTAT | −0.103 | 0.039 | 0.098 | 0.178 | 0.044 | 0.180 | −0.016 | 0.033 | 0.069 | 0.099 | 1.000 | |||||||
| CostGap | 0.013 | −0.008 | 0.053 | −0.077 | 0.036 | −0.028 | −0.072 | −0.088 | 0.045 | 0.143 | −0.123 | 1.000 | ||||||
| LnTA | 0.129 | 0.087 | 0.104 | 0.020 | −0.034 | −0.085 | 0.050 | 0.510 | 0.187 | 0.117 | −0.055 | −0.023 | 1.000 | |||||
| ROA | −0.057 | −0.039 | −0.028 | −0.003 | −0.041 | −0.049 | −0.020 | −0.046 | 0.045 | 0.153 | 0.032 | −0.040 | 0.025 | 1.000 | ||||
| Leverage | 0.009 | −0.033 | −0.020 | −0.068 | 0.002 | 0.023 | 0.046 | 0.072 | 0.203 | −0.094 | −0.063 | −0.050 | 0.293 | −0.032 | 1.000 | |||
| InvenTAratio | −0.035 | 0.033 | 0.046 | 0.079 | 0.071 | −0.003 | −0.093 | −0.111 | 0.165 | −0.006 | 0.012 | 0.088 | −0.112 | 0.038 | 0.280 | 1.000 | ||
| SalesGrowth | −0.080 | −0.062 | −0.074 | −0.013 | −0.065 | −0.095 | 0.008 | −0.092 | −0.137 | 0.019 | −0.082 | 0.013 | −0.105 | 0.099 | −0.121 | −0.069 | 1.000 | |
| StateClient | 0.092 | 0.088 | 0.050 | 0.041 | 0.058 | −0.034 | −0.062 | −0.143 | −0.001 | 0.064 | 0.067 | 0.127 | 0.021 | −0.116 | 0.035 | −0.115 | −0.025 | 1.000 |
| Mean | Mean | SocialId | MeanGE | LnAge | Female | TeamRole | TeamSize | Tenure | MeanSat | MeanTAT | CostGap | LnTA | ROA | Leverage | InvenTA | Sales | State | |
| MeanAQTB | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||||
| MeanDI | 0.1446* | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| SocialId | −0.254* | 0.02* | 1.000 | |||||||||||||||
| MeanGE | 0.012 | 0.113 | 0.102 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||
| LnAge | −0.082 | 0.061 | 0.149 | 0.136 | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
| Female | −0.128 | −0.003 | 0.160 | 0.047 | −0.134 | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| TeamRole | −0.016 | −0.051 | −0.151 | −0.049 | −0.326 | 0.035 | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| TeamSize | 0.123 | 0.051 | −0.051 | 0.009 | 0.087 | −0.124 | 0.054 | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| Tenure | −0.059 | 0.006 | 0.070 | −0.010 | 0.031 | 0.023 | −0.048 | 0.064 | 1.000 | |||||||||
| MeanSatis | −0.140 | 0.107 | 0.324 | 0.101 | 0.129 | 0.036 | −0.147 | −0.010 | 0.026 | 1.000 | ||||||||
| MeanTAT | −0.103 | 0.039 | 0.098 | 0.178 | 0.044 | 0.180 | −0.016 | 0.033 | 0.069 | 0.099 | 1.000 | |||||||
| CostGap | 0.013 | −0.008 | 0.053 | −0.077 | 0.036 | −0.028 | −0.072 | −0.088 | 0.045 | 0.143 | −0.123 | 1.000 | ||||||
| LnTA | 0.129 | 0.087 | 0.104 | 0.020 | −0.034 | −0.085 | 0.050 | 0.510 | 0.187 | 0.117 | −0.055 | −0.023 | 1.000 | |||||
| ROA | −0.057 | −0.039 | −0.028 | −0.003 | −0.041 | −0.049 | −0.020 | −0.046 | 0.045 | 0.153 | 0.032 | −0.040 | 0.025 | 1.000 | ||||
| Leverage | 0.009 | −0.033 | −0.020 | −0.068 | 0.002 | 0.023 | 0.046 | 0.072 | 0.203 | −0.094 | −0.063 | −0.050 | 0.293 | −0.032 | 1.000 | |||
| InvenTAratio | −0.035 | 0.033 | 0.046 | 0.079 | 0.071 | −0.003 | −0.093 | −0.111 | 0.165 | −0.006 | 0.012 | 0.088 | −0.112 | 0.038 | 0.280 | 1.000 | ||
| SalesGrowth | −0.080 | −0.062 | −0.074 | −0.013 | −0.065 | −0.095 | 0.008 | −0.092 | −0.137 | 0.019 | −0.082 | 0.013 | −0.105 | 0.099 | −0.121 | −0.069 | 1.000 | |
| StateClient | 0.092 | 0.088 | 0.050 | 0.041 | 0.058 | −0.034 | −0.062 | −0.143 | −0.001 | 0.064 | 0.067 | 0.127 | 0.021 | −0.116 | 0.035 | −0.115 | −0.025 | 1.000 |
| N. 251 | mean | sd | min | p5 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p95 | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panel A: Descriptive statistics | |||||||||
| MeanAQTB | 1.93 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.13 | 3.00 | 3.88 |
| MeanDI | 2.82 | 0.48 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.71 | 2.86 | 3.14 | 3.57 | 3.86 |
| MeanSocialId | 4.78 | 1.34 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
| MeanGE | 2.90 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 2.14 | 2.71 | 2.86 | 3.29 | 3.57 | 4.00 |
| LnAge | 3.57 | 0.22 | 3.18 | 3.26 | 3.37 | 3.58 | 3.71 | 3.97 | 4.09 |
| Female | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| TeamRole | 2.51 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 |
| TeamSize | 19.15 | 16.34 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 13.00 | 23.00 | 68.00 | 97.00 |
| Tenure | 12.84 | 4.95 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 9.00 | 13.00 | 17.00 | 19.00 | 19.00 |
| MeanSatis | 3.27 | 0.42 | 1.67 | 2.67 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 3.67 | 3.67 | 5.00 |
| MeanTAT | 3.52 | 0.47 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 3.33 | 3.67 | 4.33 | 5.00 |
| CostGap | −0.12 | 0.62 | −2.12 | −1.55 | −0.26 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.73 | 0.76 |
| LnTA | 14.19 | 2.01 | 9.48 | 10.89 | 12.67 | 14.24 | 15.74 | 17.61 | 18.28 |
| OA | 0.04 | 0.18 | −0.89 | −0.18 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.68 |
| Leverage | 0.59 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.42 | 0.65 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 0.99 |
| InvenTAratio | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.69 |
| SalesGrowth | 0.15 | 1.02 | −1.00 | −0.26 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.47 | 10.79 |
| StateClient | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| N. 251 | mean | sd | min | p5 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p95 | max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MeanAQTB | 1.93 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 2.13 | 3.00 | 3.88 |
| MeanDI | 2.82 | 0.48 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.71 | 2.86 | 3.14 | 3.57 | 3.86 |
| MeanSocialId | 4.78 | 1.34 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
| MeanGE | 2.90 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 2.14 | 2.71 | 2.86 | 3.29 | 3.57 | 4.00 |
| LnAge | 3.57 | 0.22 | 3.18 | 3.26 | 3.37 | 3.58 | 3.71 | 3.97 | 4.09 |
| Female | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| TeamRole | 2.51 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 |
| TeamSize | 19.15 | 16.34 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 13.00 | 23.00 | 68.00 | 97.00 |
| Tenure | 12.84 | 4.95 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 9.00 | 13.00 | 17.00 | 19.00 | 19.00 |
| MeanSatis | 3.27 | 0.42 | 1.67 | 2.67 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 3.67 | 3.67 | 5.00 |
| MeanTAT | 3.52 | 0.47 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 3.33 | 3.33 | 3.67 | 4.33 | 5.00 |
| CostGap | −0.12 | 0.62 | −2.12 | −1.55 | −0.26 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.73 | 0.76 |
| LnTA | 14.19 | 2.01 | 9.48 | 10.89 | 12.67 | 14.24 | 15.74 | 17.61 | 18.28 |
| OA | 0.04 | 0.18 | −0.89 | −0.18 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.27 | 0.68 |
| Leverage | 0.59 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.42 | 0.65 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 0.99 |
| InvenTAratio | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.69 |
| SalesGrowth | 0.15 | 1.02 | −1.00 | −0.26 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.47 | 10.79 |
| StateClient | 0.04 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
Notes:
Panel A presents the mean (Mean), standard deviation (SD), minimum (Min), maximum (Max) and the 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles (p) of all the variables used in the main analysis. Panel B reports the Spearman correlation matrix among the dependent variable, test variables and control variables, *indicates significance at the 5% level or less using two-tailed tests. All variable definitions are in Table 1
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