Table 2 Overview of the current state of... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Overview of the current state of research

Kolb’s learning stages	1. Concrete experience	2. Reflective observation	3. Abstract conceptualization	4. Active experimentation
Key issues according to Kolb	The experience and the actor’s immediate reaction to the experience	The actor’s deeper reflection on what has happened	The creative process of forming observations to abstract learning outcomes	The application of abstract learning outcomes to test them
# of sample studies contributing to learning stage	19	25	13	21
Central themes in existing research on entrepreneurial learning from failure	Conceptualization of failure Perception of criticality Importance of failure as a learning trigger	Process of reflection Stock of experience Attribution Emotions Narcissism	Abstract learning outcomes	Decision on entrepreneurial re-emergence Determinants of effective use of learning Behavioral changes upon re-emergence Venture performance in new endeavor(s)
Open issues (overlooked aspects, contradictions)	Entrepreneur’s immediate reaction to failure Systematic analysis of factors influencing criticality perception	Detected but unresearched alternative emotional trajectories (e.g. resilience, ignorance) Epiphanies as alternative emotional recovery mechanism Social context as influence factor on emotions Cognitive process of reflective observation (as opposed to abstract conceptualization)	Abstract conceptualization as a creative process Link between abstract learning outcomes and antecedents is only researched with regard to failure attribution Abstract learning outcomes represent “perceived” learnings	Other ways of active experimentation (e.g. consulting, mentoring, employment) Importance of specific abstract learning categories for specific settings of active experimentation

Kolb’s learning stages	1. Concrete experience	2. Reflective observation	3. Abstract conceptualization	4. Active experimentation
Key issues according to Kolb	The experience and the actor’s immediate reaction to the experience	The actor’s deeper reflection on what has happened	The creative process of forming observations to abstract learning outcomes	The application of abstract learning outcomes to test them
# of sample studies contributing to learning stage	19	25	13	21
Central themes in existing research on entrepreneurial learning from failure	Conceptualization of failure Perception of criticality Importance of failure as a learning trigger	Process of reflection Stock of experience Attribution Emotions Narcissism	Abstract learning outcomes	Decision on entrepreneurial re-emergence Determinants of effective use of learning Behavioral changes upon re-emergence Venture performance in new endeavor(s)
Open issues (overlooked aspects, contradictions)	Entrepreneur’s immediate reaction to failure Systematic analysis of factors influencing criticality perception	Detected but unresearched alternative emotional trajectories (e.g. resilience, ignorance) Epiphanies as alternative emotional recovery mechanism Social context as influence factor on emotions Cognitive process of reflective observation (as opposed to abstract conceptualization)	Abstract conceptualization as a creative process Link between abstract learning outcomes and antecedents is only researched with regard to failure attribution Abstract learning outcomes represent “perceived” learnings	Other ways of active experimentation (e.g. consulting, mentoring, employment) Importance of specific abstract learning categories for specific settings of active experimentation