Table IV

Results of the analysis: features of PMSs across DGs

Goal autonomyMeasurementIncorporationIncentivesUseRationale for improvements
Agriculture DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsSpecialised performance measurement systemsLimitedExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredLimited, mostly internal reportingThrough external control and incentives. Controlled motivation
Mobility and Infrastructure DGMedium, Lower-level goals and performance measures set by professionalsHierarchical performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredCoherent, comprehensive, consistentThrough external control and incentives. Controlled motivation
Production DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsSpecialised performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredDisconnected policy and management cyclesThrough external control and incentives. Controlled motivation
Labour DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsSpecialised performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredDisconnected policy and management cyclesThrough external control and incentives. Controlled motivation
Welfare and Health DGMedium, Lower-level goals and performance measures set by professionalsHierarchical performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsInternal/professional, aimed at norms, values and peer statusCoherent, comprehensive, consistentThrough learning spurred by autonomous motivation
Territorial planning and Social housing DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsSpecialised performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredCoherent, comprehensive, consistentThrough learning spurred by autonomous motivation
Land use and Civil Protection DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsAdministrative data registration, objective, mostly input and processLimitedExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredLimited, mostly internal reporting (hierarchy-based)Through external control and incentives. Controlled motivation
Environment and Energy DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsSpecialised performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredCoherent, comprehensive, consistentThrough learning spurred by autonomous motivation
Education and Training DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsAdministrative data registration, objective, mostly input and processWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredCoherent, comprehensive, consistentThrough external control and incentives. Controlled motivation
Culture and Research DGLow, External tied to political-bureaucratic goalsSpecialised performance measurement systemsWithin different systems, connected for specific management functionsExternal/hierarchical, high-poweredSocietal useThrough external control and incentives. Controlled motivation

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