Dichotomous variables proportions and chi-square test*
| All samples (N = 332) | Companies with IAF (N = 206) | Companies without IAF (N = 126) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables** | Proportion % | Proportion % | Proportion % | Chi-square p value* (two-tailed) |
| RISKC | 21 | 31 | 5 | 0.000 |
| INDCH | 47 | 48 | 47 | 0.910 |
| BIG4 | 89 | 97 | 76 | 0.000 |
| All samples ( | Companies with IAF ( | Companies without IAF ( | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Proportion % | Proportion % | Proportion % | Chi-square |
| RISKC | 21 | 31 | 5 | |
| INDCH | 47 | 48 | 47 | 0.910 |
| BIG4 | 89 | 97 | 76 |
Notes:
The chi-square test of independence is used to compare the proportions of the dichotomous variables;
Variables: INDCH = 1 if the chairman is independent, 0 otherwise; RISKC = 1 if the company has a risk management committee, 0 otherwise; BIG4 = 1 when a Big 4 external auditor is used and 0 otherwise