Table 2. First- and second-order...

Table 2.

First- and second-order measurement models estimation

Latent variable	Items	Coeff. λ	t value	Cronb. α	CR	AVE
First-order model of brand identification
Personal brand identification	This brand represents me	0.881	25.878	0.947	0.969	0.912
	This brand reflects my personality	1	–-
	This brand reflects my true self	0.979	40.180
Social brand identification	This brand has a positive influence on the image I have of society	0.949	44.514	0.979	0.984	0.954
	This brand has a positive impact on what others think of me	0.980	62.628
	This brand improves the way society sees me	1	–
Second-order model
Ethnocentrism	Only products that are not produced in our region should be purchased from other regions	0.686	12.416	0.838	0.898	0.504
	A true Spanish should buy Spanish-made products	0.556	9.568
	Buying foreign products is anti-Spanish	0.691	12.623
	There should be a very little trading or purchasing of goods from other regions unless out of necessity	1	–
	Spanish consumers should not buy products from other regions or countries, because it harms the regional/national economy and causes unemployment	0.833	16.483
	Curbs should be placed on all imports	0.587	10.162
	I prefer to buy products from my area, even if they cost more	0.631	10.792
	Spanish consumers should buy from other regions or foreign countries only the products that we cannot produce in ours	0.647	11.556
	Spanish consumers who purchase products made in other areas are responsible for putting Spanish people out of work	0.653	11.695
Brand trust	I trust this brand	0.827	18.54	0.877	0.912	0.680
	This brand never disappoints me	0.912	22.666
	This brand guarantees my satisfaction	1	–
	This brand gives me the confidence to solve problems with their products	0.681	13.337
	This brand strives to do everything possible to satisfy me	0.65	12.475
Brand love	This brand makes me feel good	0.703	15.302	0.915	0.934	0.712
	This brand makes me very happy	0.855	23.395
	I love this brand	0.953	33.598
	This brand is a pure delight, it tastes good	1	–
	This brand fascinates me	0.923	29.364
	I am very attached to this brand	0.533	10.033
Brand identification	Personal Brand Identification	1	–	N/A	0.857	0.755
Brand identification	Social Brand Identification	0.714	10.292	N/A	0.857	0.755
Brand boycott	I will not buy this brand in the future	0.890	27.055	0.949	0.963	0.896
	I may not buy this brand in the coming months	0.947	34.325
	I am not willing to buy this brand in my next purchase of sparkling wine	1	–
Goodness of fit: χ² = 455.230 (p = 0.00); RMSEA= 0.0515; NFI = 0.937; CFI = 0.969; IFI= 0.969; RFI = 0.929

Latent variable	Items	Coeff. λ	t value	Cronb. α	CR	AVE
First-order model of brand identification
Personal brand identification	This brand represents me	0.881	25.878	0.947	0.969	0.912
	This brand reflects my personality	1	–-
	This brand reflects my true self	0.979	40.180
Social brand identification	This brand has a positive influence on the image I have of society	0.949	44.514	0.979	0.984	0.954
	This brand has a positive impact on what others think of me	0.980	62.628
	This brand improves the way society sees me	1	–
Second-order model
Ethnocentrism	Only products that are not produced in our region should be purchased from other regions	0.686	12.416	0.838	0.898	0.504
	A true Spanish should buy Spanish-made products	0.556	9.568
	Buying foreign products is anti-Spanish	0.691	12.623
	There should be a very little trading or purchasing of goods from other regions unless out of necessity	1	–
	Spanish consumers should not buy products from other regions or countries, because it harms the regional/national economy and causes unemployment	0.833	16.483
	Curbs should be placed on all imports	0.587	10.162
	I prefer to buy products from my area, even if they cost more	0.631	10.792
	Spanish consumers should buy from other regions or foreign countries only the products that we cannot produce in ours	0.647	11.556
	Spanish consumers who purchase products made in other areas are responsible for putting Spanish people out of work	0.653	11.695
Brand trust	I trust this brand	0.827	18.54	0.877	0.912	0.680
	This brand never disappoints me	0.912	22.666
	This brand guarantees my satisfaction	1	–
	This brand gives me the confidence to solve problems with their products	0.681	13.337
	This brand strives to do everything possible to satisfy me	0.65	12.475
Brand love	This brand makes me feel good	0.703	15.302	0.915	0.934	0.712
	This brand makes me very happy	0.855	23.395
	I love this brand	0.953	33.598
	This brand is a pure delight, it tastes good	1	–
	This brand fascinates me	0.923	29.364
	I am very attached to this brand	0.533	10.033
Brand identification	Personal Brand Identification	1	–	N/A	0.857	0.755
Brand identification	Social Brand Identification	0.714	10.292	N/A	0.857	0.755
Brand boycott	I will not buy this brand in the future	0.890	27.055	0.949	0.963	0.896
	I may not buy this brand in the coming months	0.947	34.325
	I am not willing to buy this brand in my next purchase of sparkling wine	1	–
Goodness of fit: χ² = 455.230 (p = 0.00); RMSEA= 0.0515; NFI = 0.937; CFI = 0.969; IFI= 0.969; RFI = 0.929

Notes:

N/A: not applicable; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; NFI = normed fit index; CFI = comparative fit indx; IFI = incremental fit index; relative fix index

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