CPI system
| Dimension | No. | Indicator | Variable/Illustration | Objective and examples for relation to self-reliance and/or other dimensions | Constraints | Related to SDG | Zaatari | Jordan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | 1 | Camp inhabitants all | Number of inhabitants (in total numbers) | To compare differently sized camps; to calculate ratios | / | 80,000a | ||
| 2 | Camp inhabitants women | Percentage of women (in %) | To compare differently sized camps | / | 50%b | |||
| 3 | Camp inhabitants men | Percentage of men (in %) | To compare differently sized camps | / | 50%b | |||
| 4 | Camp inhabitants 0-14 years | Percentage of minors age 0-14 (in %) | Demographics: To compare differently sized camps Education: to assess the no. of inhabitants in need of an education Well-being: to assess no. of vulnerable inhabitants | / | 49%c | 30%c | ||
| 5 | Camp inhabitants in working-age (15-64 years) | Percentage of inhabitants aged 15-64 (in %) | To compare differently sized camps | Setting the age between 15 and 64 years implies that adolescents should work and not pursue secondary/tertiary education | / | 48%d | 58%e | |
| Material living standards | 6 | Access to next market | Time to get to next market (in hours) | To assess external business opportunities refugees have | Time to get to closest city and thus market is only one indicator for external business opportunities, as, e.g., refugees working as taxi drivers do not have to go to market | 8 decent work and economic growth | 30 minf | |
| 7 | Inhabitants-shop-ratio | No of shops in relation to inhabitants (as a ratio) | To assess the level of material living standards through the availability of different commodities Material living standards: high no of commodities Personal activities: no. of available jobs Well-being: no. of shopping opportunities and thus choices to make which increases dignity, time needed to run errands | This indicator does not indicate the quality of shops or type of commodities available. It can just be assumed that a high number of shops offer a high variety of commodities. It also does not indicate the time inhabitants need to run their errands; it can just be assumed that if number of shops is high, shops are located more decentralized | 8 decent work and economic growth | 27 inhabitants per shopg | ||
| 8 | No of shops owned by refugees | Percentage of shop owners in camp (in %) | To assess level of self-reliance. | Does not indicate the number of people working in a shop or their salaries | 8 decent work and economic growth | 2%h | ||
| 9 | Refugees with sufficient income to meet basic needs | Percentage of refugees who can meet basic needs (in %) | To assess the income refugees have (incl. remittances and aid) to meet basic needs. | Including remittances and aid does not objectively display level of self-reliance | 1 no poverty | 60%i | ||
| 10 | Access to electricity | Hours per day a household has electricity | To assess market and job opportunities Material living standards: the longer people have electricity the more market opportunities they have as they can set up a higher variability of businesses than without Education: children can also learn when dark, schools with electricity are of higher quality Well-being: domestic work is facilitated (by, e.g., usage of white goods) | Indicator does not imply that all households have this amount of electricity per day, how it is generated (e.g., environmental friendly–SDG 7) or who pays for it (refugees or organizations); facilitated domestic work only if further appliances are available (white goods, etc.) | 4 quality education; 8 decent work and economic growth | 8j | ||
| Personal activities including work | 11 | Camp inhabitants with income | Percentage of working-age refugees earning any kind of income | To assess income generating inhabitants, incl. self-employed, formally and informally employed as well as employed by organizations (cash for work) People engaged in work earn at least some kind of income, even if not able to live self-reliantly | This indicator does not indicate the type or quality of work, if employees are exploited, the amount of income is sufficient, nor if the source of income is related to the employee's level of education | 8 decent work and economic growth | 60%k | 84%k |
| 12 | Camp inhabitants with job permit | Percentage of working-age refugees with job permission (in %) | The more people are engaged in legal work, the higher the level of self-reliance in the camp People with legal work permit can more easily find a job suitable to their education; this has an impact on their well-being; do not have to use negative copying mechanisms (e.g. child labour for their children) | The indicator does not state if refugees with work permission also have found an appropriate job | 8 decent work and economic growth | 10% | 100% | |
| Health | 13 | Hospital-inhabitants ratio | No. of inhabitants per hospital (as ratio) | To assess quantity of health facilities Physical health is important to be able to engage in work | Indicator does not provide information about quality of hospitals | 3 good health and well-being | 40,000 inhabitants per hospitall | |
| 14 | Health care centre-inhabitants ratio | No. of inhabitants per health care centre (as ratio) | To assess quantity of health facilities Physical health is important to be able to engage in work | 3 good health and well-being | 8,888 inhabitants per health care centrel | |||
| 15 | Neonatal mortality rate | No. of death that occurs in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 lives (as ratio) | To assess the level of health within the camp The overall level of health can be assessed by the number of babies born healthily – the healthier a camp, the more working-age people can engage in work | A vast variety of indicators could help to assess the level of health in a camp, e.g. the no of malnourished or undernourished children, maternal mortality rate, etc. | 3 good health and well-being | 26.6m | 14.7m | |
| 16 | Waste water removal and treatment | Percentage of waste water collected (in %) | To assess the situation of waste water, as uncollected and untreated waste water increases water-borne diseases, which affects people engaging in work | Also not collected waste can increase water-borne diseases as can the quantity and quality of sanitation facilities | 11 sustainable cities and communities | 80%n | ||
| Well-being | 17 | Available drinking water | Litres of drinking water per person (in l) | To assess the amount of drinking water available per person; to assess time needed for domestic work Health: a certain amount of drinking water per day is necessary for a person’s state of health; an abundance of water facilitates domestic work, like washing clothes and dishes (if white goods available) Education: availability of drinking water improves quality of schooling | Assessment of time for domestic work difficult to assess, as also influenced by other factors (e.g., washing machine available, time necessary to fetch water) | 3 good health and well-being; 4 quality education; 6 clean water and sanitation | 35+o | |
| 18 | Child labour | Percentage of children aged 5-14 engaged in work (in %) | To assess level of negative copying mechanism within the camp; to assess children who do not attend school; to assess level of vulnerability of households Education: children who work, do not attend school or only occasionally Well-being: households sending children to work do this usually to cope with poverty | Does not include children (usually girls) engaged in domestic work (SDG 5 indicators) | 8 decent work and economic growth | 13%p | 2%p | |
| 19 | Community centre-inhabitants ratio | No. of inhabitants per community centre (as ratio) | To assess opportunities for psychosocial support and recreational activities Psychological health (well-being) is important to be able to engage in work | Indicator does not provide information about quality of centre or about quantity of offers Indicator does not assess no. of traumatized or vulnerable people – not everybody traumatized or vulnerable goes to centre | 2,962 inhabitants per centreq | |||
| Education | 20 | Children-school ratio | No. of children per school (as ratio) | To assess quality of schools Education can raise aspirations, set values, and enrich lives | Indicator does not provide information about quality of school, e.g. Zaatari: only 9 schools are formal schools | 4 quality education | 865 children per schoolr | |
| 21 | Children-teacher ratio | No. of children per teacher (as ratio) | To assess quality of schools Education can raise aspirations, set values, and enrich lives | In order to really assess quality of school, more information would be necessary, like training of teachers, hours of schooling, abilities of children per class etc., which are partly difficult to assess | 4 quality education | 50 children per teachers | ||
| Education (adults) | 22 | Camp inhabitants without education | Percentage of inhabitants who never attended school (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs Education: to assess the level of additional training needed Well-being: the closer a job is to the skills one has, the higher the degree of feeling self-worthy | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 10%t | 7%t |
| 23 | Camp inhabitants completed only elementary school | Percentage of inhabitants who completed only elementary school (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs Education: to assess the level of additional training needed Well-being: the closer a job is to the skills one has, the higher the degree of feeling self-worthy | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 51%t | 19%t | |
| 24 | Camp inhabitants completed basic or intermediate school | Percentage of inhabitants who completed basic or intermediate school (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs Education: to assess the level of additional training needed Well-being: the closer a job is to the skills one has, the higher the degree of feeling self-worthy | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 25%t | 33%t | |
| 25 | Camp inhabitants completed secondary or vocational training | Percentage of inhabitants who completed secondary or vocational training (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs Education: to assess the level of additional training needed Well-being: the closer a job is to the skills one has, the higher the degree of feeling self-worthy | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 10%t | 20%t | |
| 26 | Camp inhabitants completed college or university | Percentage of inhabitants who completed college or university (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs Education: to assess the level of additional training needed Well-being: the closer a job is to the skills one has, the higher the degree of feeling self-worthy | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 5%t | 22%t | |
| Insecurity | 27 | Safety (perceived or real) | Percentage of inhabitants feeling safe (in %) | To assess if inhabitants feel safe in the camp People not feeling safe, try to stay at home and are more cautious in terms of engaging in work and setting up businesses People not feeling safe, try to stay at home and are more cautious in terms of engaging in work and setting up businesses | Indicator has to be assessed by interviews and do not automatically display reality, only perceived safety | 16 peace, justice and strong institutions | 80%u |
| Dimension | No. | Indicator | Variable/Illustration | Objective and examples for relation to self-reliance and/or other dimensions | Constraints | Related to SDG | Zaatari | Jordan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | 1 | Camp inhabitants all | Number of inhabitants (in total numbers) | To compare differently sized camps; to calculate ratios | / | 80,000a | ||
| 2 | Camp inhabitants women | Percentage of women (in %) | To compare differently sized camps | / | 50%b | |||
| 3 | Camp inhabitants men | Percentage of men (in %) | To compare differently sized camps | / | 50%b | |||
| 4 | Camp inhabitants 0-14 years | Percentage of minors age 0-14 (in %) | Demographics: To compare differently sized camps | / | 49%c | 30%c | ||
| 5 | Camp inhabitants in working-age (15-64 years) | Percentage of inhabitants aged 15-64 (in %) | To compare differently sized camps | Setting the age between 15 and 64 years implies that adolescents should work and not pursue secondary/tertiary education | / | 48%d | 58%e | |
| Material living standards | 6 | Access to next market | Time to get to next market (in hours) | To assess external business opportunities refugees have | Time to get to closest city and thus market is only one indicator for external business opportunities, as, e.g., refugees working as taxi drivers do not have to go to market | 8 decent work and economic growth | 30 minf | |
| 7 | Inhabitants-shop-ratio | No of shops in relation to inhabitants (as a ratio) | To assess the level of material living standards through the availability of different commodities | This indicator does not indicate the quality of shops or type of commodities available. It can just be assumed that a high number of shops offer a high variety of commodities. It also does not indicate the time inhabitants need to run their errands; it can just be assumed that if number of shops is high, shops are located more decentralized | 8 decent work and economic growth | 27 inhabitants per shopg | ||
| 8 | No of shops owned by refugees | Percentage of shop owners in camp (in %) | To assess level of self-reliance. | Does not indicate the number of people working in a shop or their salaries | 8 decent work and economic growth | 2%h | ||
| 9 | Refugees with sufficient income to meet basic needs | Percentage of refugees who can meet basic needs (in %) | To assess the income refugees have (incl. remittances and aid) to meet basic needs. | Including remittances and aid does not objectively display level of self-reliance | 1 no poverty | 60%i | ||
| 10 | Access to electricity | Hours per day a household has electricity | To assess market and job opportunities | Indicator does not imply that all households have this amount of electricity per day, how it is generated (e.g., environmental friendly–SDG 7) or who pays for it (refugees or organizations); facilitated domestic work only if further appliances are available (white goods, etc.) | 4 quality education; 8 decent work and economic growth | 8j | ||
| Personal activities including work | 11 | Camp inhabitants with income | Percentage of working-age refugees earning any kind of income | To assess income generating inhabitants, incl. self-employed, formally and informally employed as well as employed by organizations (cash for work) | This indicator does not indicate the type or quality of work, if employees are exploited, the amount of income is sufficient, nor if the source of income is related to the employee's level of education | 8 decent work and economic growth | 60%k | 84%k |
| 12 | Camp inhabitants with job permit | Percentage of working-age refugees with job permission (in %) | The more people are engaged in legal work, the higher the level of self-reliance in the camp | The indicator does not state if refugees with work permission also have found an appropriate job | 8 decent work and economic growth | 10% | 100% | |
| Health | 13 | Hospital-inhabitants ratio | No. of inhabitants per hospital (as ratio) | To assess quantity of health facilities | Indicator does not provide information about quality of hospitals | 3 good health and well-being | 40,000 inhabitants per hospitall | |
| 14 | Health care centre-inhabitants ratio | No. of inhabitants per health care centre (as ratio) | To assess quantity of health facilities | 3 good health and well-being | 8,888 inhabitants per health care centrel | |||
| 15 | Neonatal mortality rate | No. of death that occurs in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 lives (as ratio) | To assess the level of health within the camp | A vast variety of indicators could help to assess the level of health in a camp, e.g. the no of malnourished or undernourished children, maternal mortality rate, etc. | 3 good health and well-being | 26.6m | 14.7m | |
| 16 | Waste water removal and treatment | Percentage of waste water collected (in %) | To assess the situation of waste water, as uncollected and untreated waste water increases water-borne diseases, which affects people engaging in work | Also not collected waste can increase water-borne diseases as can the quantity and quality of sanitation facilities | 11 sustainable cities and communities | 80%n | ||
| Well-being | 17 | Available drinking water | Litres of drinking water per person (in l) | To assess the amount of drinking water available per person; to assess time needed for domestic work | Assessment of time for domestic work difficult to assess, as also influenced by other factors (e.g., washing machine available, time necessary to fetch water) | 3 good health and well-being; 4 quality education; 6 clean water and sanitation | 35+o | |
| 18 | Child labour | Percentage of children aged 5-14 engaged in work (in %) | To assess level of negative copying mechanism within the camp; to assess children who do not attend school; to assess level of vulnerability of households | Does not include children (usually girls) engaged in domestic work (SDG 5 indicators) | 8 decent work and economic growth | 13%p | 2%p | |
| 19 | Community centre-inhabitants ratio | No. of inhabitants per community centre (as ratio) | To assess opportunities for psychosocial support and recreational activities | Indicator does not provide information about quality of centre or about quantity of offers | 2,962 inhabitants per centreq | |||
| Education | 20 | Children-school ratio | No. of children per school (as ratio) | To assess quality of schools | Indicator does not provide information about quality of school, e.g. Zaatari: only 9 schools are formal schools | 4 quality education | 865 children per schoolr | |
| 21 | Children-teacher ratio | No. of children per teacher (as ratio) | To assess quality of schools | In order to really assess quality of school, more information would be necessary, like training of teachers, hours of schooling, abilities of children per class etc., which are partly difficult to assess | 4 quality education | 50 children per teachers | ||
| Education (adults) | 22 | Camp inhabitants without education | Percentage of inhabitants who never attended school (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 10%t | 7%t |
| 23 | Camp inhabitants completed only elementary school | Percentage of inhabitants who completed only elementary school (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 51%t | 19%t | |
| 24 | Camp inhabitants completed basic or intermediate school | Percentage of inhabitants who completed basic or intermediate school (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 25%t | 33%t | |
| 25 | Camp inhabitants completed secondary or vocational training | Percentage of inhabitants who completed secondary or vocational training (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 10%t | 20%t | |
| 26 | Camp inhabitants completed college or university | Percentage of inhabitants who completed college or university (in %) | To assess level of education of inhabitants to create suitable jobs | Does not indicate which non-educational skills a person has achieved before | 4 quality education | 5%t | 22%t | |
| Insecurity | 27 | Safety (perceived or real) | Percentage of inhabitants feeling safe (in %) | To assess if inhabitants feel safe in the camp | Indicator has to be assessed by interviews and do not automatically display reality, only perceived safety | 16 peace, justice and strong institutions | 80%u |
Notes: aUNHCR (2016c); bUNHCR (2016b); cUNHCR (2016b); dUNHCR (2016c); eDepartment of Statistics, Jordan (2016); fField visit (2016); gField visit (2016); hKattaa (2015); iObeidat (2014), WFP, Unicef, UNHCR (2014), Women’s Refugee Commission (2017), jField visit (2016); kUNHCR (2015b), UNHCR (2016b), lUNHCR (2016b), mUNHCR (2013), Department of Statistics, Jordan (2015), nUNHCR (2016b), Field Visit (2016); oLahn et al. (2016), SDG Report (2017), pUNICEF and Save the Children (2014), Save the Children (2014), Kattaa (2015); qUNHCR (2016b); rHuman Rights Watch (2016), LIVED (2017), The Jordan Times (2016), The World Bank (2017); sHuman Rights Watch (2016), tStave and Hillesund (2015), REACH (2014), uCastro Serrato (2014), UNHCR (2015a)