Table 1 Training criteria for power... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Training criteria for power operators

Criteria	Definition
Differentiation systems	Every power relationship operates differentiations that work, simultaneously, as conditions and effects of such relationship. Thus, differentiation systems allow one to act on the actions of others. Such systems can be the most varied, such as legal, social, economic, linguistic, cultural, etc
Objective types	Power relationships presuppose certain purposes. Thus, the types of objectives relate to the purposes of those who act on the actions of others. Such objectives can be numerous: to obtain or maintain privileges, to profit, to be recognized or valued, to perform tasks among others
Instrumental modalities	Power relationships take place through certain technologies. Thus, instrumental modalities refer to the techniques adopted to act on the actions of others. Such modalities can happen from the use of weapons threat, to the convincing using speech, passing through control mechanisms (direct or indirect) and surveillance systems, for example
Institutionalization forms	Power relationships take place amid institutional contexts. Thus, forms of institutionalization function as spaces for rules and principles on which to act on the actions of others. Such forms of institutionalization take place during legal, economic, cultural, educational, organizational structures or systems, etc.
Rationalization degrees	Power relationships occur over a field of possibilities that can be (more or less) elaborated. Thus, degrees of rationalization are considered to act on the actions of others. This rationalization (variable) occurs due to considering the effectiveness of the instruments adopted, the expected result and the eventual costs (economic and/or noneconomic) among others

Criteria	Definition
Differentiation systems	Every power relationship operates differentiations that work, simultaneously, as conditions and effects of such relationship. Thus, differentiation systems allow one to act on the actions of others. Such systems can be the most varied, such as legal, social, economic, linguistic, cultural, etc
Objective types	Power relationships presuppose certain purposes. Thus, the types of objectives relate to the purposes of those who act on the actions of others. Such objectives can be numerous: to obtain or maintain privileges, to profit, to be recognized or valued, to perform tasks among others
Instrumental modalities	Power relationships take place through certain technologies. Thus, instrumental modalities refer to the techniques adopted to act on the actions of others. Such modalities can happen from the use of weapons threat, to the convincing using speech, passing through control mechanisms (direct or indirect) and surveillance systems, for example
Institutionalization forms	Power relationships take place amid institutional contexts. Thus, forms of institutionalization function as spaces for rules and principles on which to act on the actions of others. Such forms of institutionalization take place during legal, economic, cultural, educational, organizational structures or systems, etc.
Rationalization degrees	Power relationships occur over a field of possibilities that can be (more or less) elaborated. Thus, degrees of rationalization are considered to act on the actions of others. This rationalization (variable) occurs due to considering the effectiveness of the instruments adopted, the expected result and the eventual costs (economic and/or noneconomic) among others

Source(s): Adapted from Foucault (2010, 2014b)