Table 2 Models predicting attitudes of...

Table 2

Models predicting attitudes of police interactions

	No bias	Adequate job	Adequate protect	Ease citizens	No emotions	Knowledgeable	No bully	Not dismissive	Treat dignity	Respect rights	Courteous	Equal service	Act legally
Constant	0.485	2.089***	3.691***	2.058**	0.325	3.252***	1.061	1.297*	0.873	0.981	1.770**	0.175	0.459
Constant	(0.673)	(0.601)	(0.582)	(0.656)	(0.686)	(0.646)	(0.661)	(0.636)	(0.598)	(0.630)	(0.624)	(0.708)	(0.651)
Age	0.003	0.023***	0.012	0.008	0.009	0.018**	0.020**	0.011	0.004	0.015*	0.017**	0.003	0.004
Age	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.008)
Woman	−0.029	0.201	0.396**	0.228	0.169	0.595***	0.194	0.204	0.155	0.181	0.107	0.154	0.143
Woman	(0.172)	(0.153)	(0.147)	(0.163)	(0.178)	(0.147)	(0.169)	(0.168)	(0.157)	(0.155)	(0.151)	(0.172)	(0.164)
White	0.697**	0.220	−0.241	0.184	0.358	0.070	0.507	0.331	0.466*	0.521*	0.384	0.784**	0.498
White	(0.265)	(0.242)	(0.218)	(0.253)	(0.278)	(0.218)	(0.268)	(0.264)	(0.233)	(0.245)	(0.217)	(0.262)	(0.269)
Education	0.675***	0.400**	0.407**	0.502***	0.679***	0.350*	0.327*	0.488***	0.642***	0.608***	0.449***	0.716***	0.787***
Education	(0.141)	(0.123)	(0.125)	(0.134)	(0.139)	(0.137)	(0.139)	(0.133)	(0.133)	(0.136)	(0.131)	(0.149)	(0.137)
Income	−0.055	−0.031	−0.031	−0.026	−0.065	0.006	−0.028	−0.039	−0.064*	−0.038	−0.021	−0.074*	−0.019
Income	(0.034)	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.031)	(0.034)	(0.028)	(0.031)	(0.032)	(0.029)	(0.028)	(0.027)	(0.031)	(0.003)
Suburban	−0.385	−0.073	−0.096	−0.392	−0.229	−0.261	−0.197	0.058	−0.363	−0.219	−0.120	−0.296	−0.166
Suburban	(0.210)	(0.190)	(0.185)	(0.201)	(0.220)	(0.188)	(0.204)	(0.201)	(0.192)	(0.187)	(0.179)	(0.213)	(0.205)
Rural	0.555**	0.489*	0.513**	0.277	0.571**	0.083	0.652**	0.485*	0.246	0.475*	0.295	0.474*	0.606**
Rural	(0.214)	(0.191)	(0.179)	(0.199)	(0.217)	(0.172)	(0.210)	(0.212)	(0.194)	(0.189)	(0.188)	(0.207)	(0.202)
Party ID -	−0.576*	−0.368	−0.521*	−0.773**	−0.755**	−0.393	−0.601*	−0.357	−0.762**	−0.534*	−0.511*	−0.361	−0.584*
Independent	(0.239)	(0.222)	(0.221)	(0.244)	(0.255)	(0.220)	(0.258)	(0.249)	(0.242)	(0.239)	(0.227)	(0.249)	(0.243)
Party ID -	−0.613**	0.315	0.159	−0.091	−0.114	0.344*	−0.181	0.113	−0.031	0.345	−0.010	0.325	0.084
Republican	(0.201)	(0.191)	(0.169)	(0.199)	(0.216)	(0.169)	(0.204)	(0.204)	(0.191)	(0.189)	(0.185)	(0.207)	(0.192)
Political	0.406***	0.249***	0.179***	0.301***	0.374***	0.183***	0.375***	0.320***	0.393***	0.311***	0.303***	0.396***	0.326***
Ideology	(0.036)	(0.033)	(0.031)	(0.035)	(0.036)	(0.030)	(0.034)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.031)	(0.036)	(0.035)
Observations	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984
Log Likelihood	−2,324	−2,229	−2,186	−2,270	−2,353	−2,200	−2,305	−2,308	−2,251	−2,245	−2,206	−2,331	−2,286
R²	0.254	0.165	0.117	0.182	0.225	0.127	0.223	0.179	0.273	0.233	0.191	0.276	0.235

	No bias	Adequate job	Adequate protect	Ease citizens	No emotions	Knowledgeable	No bully	Not dismissive	Treat dignity	Respect rights	Courteous	Equal service	Act legally
Constant	0.485	2.089***	3.691***	2.058**	0.325	3.252***	1.061	1.297*	0.873	0.981	1.770**	0.175	0.459
Constant	(0.673)	(0.601)	(0.582)	(0.656)	(0.686)	(0.646)	(0.661)	(0.636)	(0.598)	(0.630)	(0.624)	(0.708)	(0.651)
Age	0.003	0.023***	0.012	0.008	0.009	0.018**	0.020**	0.011	0.004	0.015*	0.017**	0.003	0.004
Age	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.008)	(0.008)
Woman	−0.029	0.201	0.396**	0.228	0.169	0.595***	0.194	0.204	0.155	0.181	0.107	0.154	0.143
Woman	(0.172)	(0.153)	(0.147)	(0.163)	(0.178)	(0.147)	(0.169)	(0.168)	(0.157)	(0.155)	(0.151)	(0.172)	(0.164)
White	0.697**	0.220	−0.241	0.184	0.358	0.070	0.507	0.331	0.466*	0.521*	0.384	0.784**	0.498
White	(0.265)	(0.242)	(0.218)	(0.253)	(0.278)	(0.218)	(0.268)	(0.264)	(0.233)	(0.245)	(0.217)	(0.262)	(0.269)
Education	0.675***	0.400**	0.407**	0.502***	0.679***	0.350*	0.327*	0.488***	0.642***	0.608***	0.449***	0.716***	0.787***
Education	(0.141)	(0.123)	(0.125)	(0.134)	(0.139)	(0.137)	(0.139)	(0.133)	(0.133)	(0.136)	(0.131)	(0.149)	(0.137)
Income	−0.055	−0.031	−0.031	−0.026	−0.065	0.006	−0.028	−0.039	−0.064*	−0.038	−0.021	−0.074*	−0.019
Income	(0.034)	(0.028)	(0.028)	(0.031)	(0.034)	(0.028)	(0.031)	(0.032)	(0.029)	(0.028)	(0.027)	(0.031)	(0.003)
Suburban	−0.385	−0.073	−0.096	−0.392	−0.229	−0.261	−0.197	0.058	−0.363	−0.219	−0.120	−0.296	−0.166
Suburban	(0.210)	(0.190)	(0.185)	(0.201)	(0.220)	(0.188)	(0.204)	(0.201)	(0.192)	(0.187)	(0.179)	(0.213)	(0.205)
Rural	0.555**	0.489*	0.513**	0.277	0.571**	0.083	0.652**	0.485*	0.246	0.475*	0.295	0.474*	0.606**
Rural	(0.214)	(0.191)	(0.179)	(0.199)	(0.217)	(0.172)	(0.210)	(0.212)	(0.194)	(0.189)	(0.188)	(0.207)	(0.202)
Party ID -	−0.576*	−0.368	−0.521*	−0.773**	−0.755**	−0.393	−0.601*	−0.357	−0.762**	−0.534*	−0.511*	−0.361	−0.584*
Independent	(0.239)	(0.222)	(0.221)	(0.244)	(0.255)	(0.220)	(0.258)	(0.249)	(0.242)	(0.239)	(0.227)	(0.249)	(0.243)
Party ID -	−0.613**	0.315	0.159	−0.091	−0.114	0.344*	−0.181	0.113	−0.031	0.345	−0.010	0.325	0.084
Republican	(0.201)	(0.191)	(0.169)	(0.199)	(0.216)	(0.169)	(0.204)	(0.204)	(0.191)	(0.189)	(0.185)	(0.207)	(0.192)
Political	0.406***	0.249***	0.179***	0.301***	0.374***	0.183***	0.375***	0.320***	0.393***	0.311***	0.303***	0.396***	0.326***
Ideology	(0.036)	(0.033)	(0.031)	(0.035)	(0.036)	(0.030)	(0.034)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.034)	(0.031)	(0.036)	(0.035)
Observations	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984	984
Log Likelihood	−2,324	−2,229	−2,186	−2,270	−2,353	−2,200	−2,305	−2,308	−2,251	−2,245	−2,206	−2,331	−2,286
R²	0.254	0.165	0.117	0.182	0.225	0.127	0.223	0.179	0.273	0.233	0.191	0.276	0.235

Note(s): *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. Urban is the reference category for the residential environment of the respondent. Democrat is the reference category for the party identification of the respondent

Source(s): Table by authors

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