Confirmatory factor analysis on complaint goals
| Measurement items | λ | AVE | CR | α |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Redress seeking (RS) | 0.66 | 0.89 | 0.89 | |
| (Yen and Tang, 2015; Yoo et al., 2013) | (0.71) | (0.91) | (0.90) | |
| RS1: I expected to get a compensation from the company | 0.83 (0.84) | |||
| RS2: I wanted a monetary refund from the company | 0.80 (0.82) | |||
| RS3: I wanted to be reimbursed for my expenses | 0.80 (0.84) | |||
| RS4: I desired a compensation for my troubles by the company | 0.83 (0.87) | |||
| Empowerment (EM) | 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.68 | |
| (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004) | (0.57) | (0.72) | (0.71) | |
| EM1: One has more power together with others when complaining publicly online | 0.74 (0.77) | |||
| EM2: My online complaint puts more pressure on the company | 0.72 (0.74) | |||
| Helping the company (HE) | 0.55 | 0.83 | 0.83 | |
| (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004; Yen and Tang, 2015) | (0.61) | (0.86) | (0.84) | |
| HE1: I wanted to help the company to improve | 0.74 (0.78) | |||
| HE2: I wanted to give the company the opportunity to resolve the problem | 0.70 (0.71) | |||
| HE3: I wanted to give the company the opportunity to demonstrate their customer service quality publicly | 0.76 (0.81) | |||
| HE4: I wanted to inform the company about my negative experience | 0.77 (0.82) | |||
| Recognition by the company (RE) | 0.55 | 0.71 | 070 | |
| (adapted from Istanbulluoglu, 2017) | (0.60) | (0.75) | (0.74) | |
| RE1: I wanted the company to appreciate me | 0.74 (0.77) | |||
| RE2: I wanted the company to respect me | 0.74 (0.78) | |||
| Altruism towards other consumers (AL) | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.74 | |
| (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004) | (0.61) | (0.82) | (0.82) | |
| AL1: I wanted to save others from having the same negative experiences as me | 0.74 (0.80) | |||
| AL2: I wanted to help others with my own experiences | 0.72 (0.80) | |||
| AL3: I wanted to give others the opportunity to choose the right company | 0.70 (0.75) | |||
| Venting (VE) | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.76 | |
| (Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004) | (0.59) | (0.81) | (0.79) | |
| VE1: My complaint helped me to shake off frustration | 0.71 (0.75) | |||
| VE2: I wanted to get anger off my chest | 0.75 (0.81) | |||
| VE3: I wanted to express my anger about my negative experience | 0.70 (0.75) | |||
| Revenge taking (RT) | 0.73 | 0.91 | 0.92 | |
| (Bronner and Hoog, 2011) | (0.72) | (0.91) | (0.91) | |
| RT1: The company earlier harmed me – now I want to harm the company | 0.87 (0.87) | |||
| RT2: I want to take vengeance upon the company | 0.87 (0.88) | |||
| RT3: I want to punish the company in some way | 0.83 (0.80) | |||
| RT4: I thought about ways to sabotage the company | 0.86 (0.84) | |||
| Entertainment (EN) | 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.86 | |
| (Bronner and Hoog, 2011; Hennig-Thurau et al., 2004) | (0.69) | (0.87) | (0.85) | |
| EN1: It is fun to communicate this way with other people | 0.79 (0.80) | |||
| EN2: It was entertaining to write the negative comment | 0.86 (0.85) | |||
| EN3: I enjoyed it | 0.82 (0.84) |
| Measurement items | AVE | CR | α | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.66 | 0.89 | 0.89 | ||
| (Yen and Tang, | (0.71) | (0.91) | (0.90) | |
| RS1: I expected to get a compensation from the company | 0.83 (0.84) | |||
| RS2: I wanted a monetary refund from the company | 0.80 (0.82) | |||
| RS3: I wanted to be reimbursed for my expenses | 0.80 (0.84) | |||
| RS4: I desired a compensation for my troubles by the company | 0.83 (0.87) | |||
| 0.53 | 0.70 | 0.68 | ||
| ( | (0.57) | (0.72) | (0.71) | |
| EM1: One has more power together with others when complaining publicly online | 0.74 (0.77) | |||
| EM2: My online complaint puts more pressure on the company | 0.72 (0.74) | |||
| 0.55 | 0.83 | 0.83 | ||
| ( | (0.61) | (0.86) | (0.84) | |
| HE1: I wanted to help the company to improve | 0.74 (0.78) | |||
| HE2: I wanted to give the company the opportunity to resolve the problem | 0.70 (0.71) | |||
| HE3: I wanted to give the company the opportunity to demonstrate their customer service quality publicly | 0.76 (0.81) | |||
| HE4: I wanted to inform the company about my negative experience | 0.77 (0.82) | |||
| 0.55 | 0.71 | 070 | ||
| ( | (0.60) | (0.75) | (0.74) | |
| RE1: I wanted the company to appreciate me | 0.74 (0.77) | |||
| RE2: I wanted the company to respect me | 0.74 (0.78) | |||
| 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.74 | ||
| ( | (0.61) | (0.82) | (0.82) | |
| AL1: I wanted to save others from having the same negative experiences as me | 0.74 (0.80) | |||
| AL2: I wanted to help others with my own experiences | 0.72 (0.80) | |||
| AL3: I wanted to give others the opportunity to choose the right company | 0.70 (0.75) | |||
| 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.76 | ||
| ( | (0.59) | (0.81) | (0.79) | |
| VE1: My complaint helped me to shake off frustration | 0.71 (0.75) | |||
| VE2: I wanted to get anger off my chest | 0.75 (0.81) | |||
| VE3: I wanted to express my anger about my negative experience | 0.70 (0.75) | |||
| 0.73 | 0.91 | 0.92 | ||
| ( | (0.72) | (0.91) | (0.91) | |
| RT1: The company earlier harmed me – now I want to harm the company | 0.87 (0.87) | |||
| RT2: I want to take vengeance upon the company | 0.87 (0.88) | |||
| RT3: I want to punish the company in some way | 0.83 (0.80) | |||
| RT4: I thought about ways to sabotage the company | 0.86 (0.84) | |||
| 0.68 | 0.86 | 0.86 | ||
| ( | (0.69) | (0.87) | (0.85) | |
| EN1: It is fun to communicate this way with other people | 0.79 (0.80) | |||
| EN2: It was entertaining to write the negative comment | 0.86 (0.85) | |||
| EN3: I enjoyed it | 0.82 (0.84) |
Notes:
λ – Standardized factor loadings; AVE – Average variance extracted; CR – Construct reliability and α – Cronbach’s alpha; Results for Study 2 in parentheses
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