Table 1.

Assumptions to be examined in the cases

Assumptions
CSO's have a non-market driven and sudden internationalization explained by political and ideological needs produced outside the firm
Due to the lack of international goals and subnational governments' limited budget, the international expansion of SSOEs follows a market-driven and gradual internationalization
The need for SSOEs to increase revenues encourages them to diversify into new sectors abroad
The central states are conservative regarding strategies disrupting their initial geopolitical goals, and thus they do not usually expand into new sectors abroad
Source: Authors’ own construction

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