Table III Robustness checks for the...

Table III

Robustness checks for the results of the quantile regression approach

	Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Variables	Q2	Q5	Q8	Q2	Q5	Q8	Q2	Q5	Q8
lnINCOME	0.437***	0.343***	0.286***	0.423***	0.325***	0.272***	0.454***	0.337***	0.282***
	(0.009)	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.006)
KINH_ETH	−0.077***	−0.070***	−0.075***	−0.086***	−0.077***	−0.079***	−0.064***	−0.083***	−0.073***
	(0.019)	(0.016)	(0.010)	(0.021)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.025)	(0.016)	(0.015)
URBAN	−0.126***	−0.108***	−0.113***	−0.114***	−0.101***	−0.106***	−0.012***	−0.130***	−0.099***
	(0.015)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.017)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.012)	(0.008)	(0.009)
MALE	−0.008	0.004	−0.002	−0.027	−0.011	−0.015*	0.018	−0.000	−0.023**
	(0.015)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.016)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.010)
EDU1				0.311**	0.245***	0.194	0.268**	0.197***	0.052
				(0.138)	(0.037)	(0.165)	(0.134)	(0.067)	(0.104)
EDU2				0.239	0.194***	0.124	0.268*	0.164**	0.025
				(0.157)	(0.046)	(0.166)	(0.142)	(0.075)	(0.128)
EDU3				0.137	0.119***	0.103	0.114	0.084	−0.019
				(0.139)	(0.039)	(0.165)	(0.135)	(0.067)	(0.104)
AGE	−0.004	−0.000	0.000	−0.019***	−0.013***	−0.008***	−0.007***	−0.006***	−0.007***
	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)
SAGE	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
	(0.00003)	(0.00002)	(0.00002)	(0.00003)	(0.00002)	(0.00002)	(0.00001)	(0.00002)	(0.00002)
HHSIZE	−0.089***	−0.078***	−0.066***	−0.038***	−0.037***	−0.039***	−0.091***	−0.073***	−0.061***
	(0.006)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.004)
CHILD1	0.057***	0.054***	0.045***				0.055***	0.045***	0.037***
	(0.013)	(0.009)	(0.008)				(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.008)
CHILD2	0.047***	0.036***	0.026***				0.043***	0.035***	0.025***
	(0.010)	(0.007)	(0.006)				(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.006)
ELDERLY	0.022	0.032***	0.025**				0.023***	0.008	0.006
	(0.020)	(0.011)	(0.011)				(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.011)
Year_EDU^a	−0.025***	−0.017***	−0.012***
	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.001)
DEPEND^b				−0.052***	−0.026***	−0.016***
				(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.004)
Constant	−4.272***	−3.183***	−2.421***	−4.305***	−3.114***	−2.382***	−4.985***	−3.37***	−2.434***
	(0.113)	(0.058)	(0.065)	(0.173)	(0.086)	(0.178)	(0.164)	(0.102)	(0.133)
R² (Pseudo R²)	0.1839	0.1626	0.1746	0.1793	0.1553	0.1688	0.192	0.1775	0.1868
n	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,784	8,784	8,784

	Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
Variables	Q2	Q5	Q8	Q2	Q5	Q8	Q2	Q5	Q8
lnINCOME	0.437***	0.343***	0.286***	0.423***	0.325***	0.272***	0.454***	0.337***	0.282***
	(0.009)	(0.003)	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.006)
KINH_ETH	−0.077***	−0.070***	−0.075***	−0.086***	−0.077***	−0.079***	−0.064***	−0.083***	−0.073***
	(0.019)	(0.016)	(0.010)	(0.021)	(0.015)	(0.011)	(0.025)	(0.016)	(0.015)
URBAN	−0.126***	−0.108***	−0.113***	−0.114***	−0.101***	−0.106***	−0.012***	−0.130***	−0.099***
	(0.015)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.017)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.012)	(0.008)	(0.009)
MALE	−0.008	0.004	−0.002	−0.027	−0.011	−0.015*	0.018	−0.000	−0.023**
	(0.015)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.016)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.010)
EDU1				0.311**	0.245***	0.194	0.268**	0.197***	0.052
				(0.138)	(0.037)	(0.165)	(0.134)	(0.067)	(0.104)
EDU2				0.239	0.194***	0.124	0.268*	0.164**	0.025
				(0.157)	(0.046)	(0.166)	(0.142)	(0.075)	(0.128)
EDU3				0.137	0.119***	0.103	0.114	0.084	−0.019
				(0.139)	(0.039)	(0.165)	(0.135)	(0.067)	(0.104)
AGE	−0.004	−0.000	0.000	−0.019***	−0.013***	−0.008***	−0.007***	−0.006***	−0.007***
	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)	(0.002)
SAGE	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***
	(0.00003)	(0.00002)	(0.00002)	(0.00003)	(0.00002)	(0.00002)	(0.00001)	(0.00002)	(0.00002)
HHSIZE	−0.089***	−0.078***	−0.066***	−0.038***	−0.037***	−0.039***	−0.091***	−0.073***	−0.061***
	(0.006)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.006)	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.004)
CHILD1	0.057***	0.054***	0.045***				0.055***	0.045***	0.037***
	(0.013)	(0.009)	(0.008)				(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.008)
CHILD2	0.047***	0.036***	0.026***				0.043***	0.035***	0.025***
	(0.010)	(0.007)	(0.006)				(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.006)
ELDERLY	0.022	0.032***	0.025**				0.023***	0.008	0.006
	(0.020)	(0.011)	(0.011)				(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.011)
Year_EDU^a	−0.025***	−0.017***	−0.012***
	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.001)
DEPEND^b				−0.052***	−0.026***	−0.016***
				(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.004)
Constant	−4.272***	−3.183***	−2.421***	−4.305***	−3.114***	−2.382***	−4.985***	−3.37***	−2.434***
	(0.113)	(0.058)	(0.065)	(0.173)	(0.086)	(0.178)	(0.164)	(0.102)	(0.133)
R² (Pseudo R²)	0.1839	0.1626	0.1746	0.1793	0.1553	0.1688	0.192	0.1775	0.1868
n	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,760	8,784	8,784	8,784

Notes: Weighted robust standard errors are given in parentheses. ^aYear_EDU = number of educational years of household head; ^bDEPEND = number of household dependency members. *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01

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