Table 3. Training modules and contents... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3.

Training modules and contents for remote operation by train drivers and signalers

Railway automation and remote driving	Technical challenges	Human factors challenges	Human-centred design	Training
Automation levels	Latency and transmission	Limited info availability	Inclusion of future users in development phases	Use of simulators and VR-tools
Remote driving concept and use cases	Data delay and quality	Reduced field of view (e.g., blind spots)	Improving the field of view (e.g., multiple camera views)	Training on emergency management
Remote driving advantages and opportunities		Speed and depth perception	In-cab signalisation	Training on perception and interpretation of new information sources
Instructions on how to use pilot HMI		Risk perception	Advanced driving assistance systems (e.g., obstruction detection)	Non-technical skills training (e.g., problem solving, memory, communication)
Landmarks		Impaired situation awareness	Multimodal information and feedback sources

Railway automation and remote driving	Technical challenges	Human factors challenges	Human-centred design	Training
Automation levels	Latency and transmission	Limited info availability	Inclusion of future users in development phases	Use of simulators and VR-tools
Remote driving concept and use cases	Data delay and quality	Reduced field of view (e.g., blind spots)	Improving the field of view (e.g., multiple camera views)	Training on emergency management
Remote driving advantages and opportunities		Speed and depth perception	In-cab signalisation	Training on perception and interpretation of new information sources
Instructions on how to use pilot HMI		Risk perception	Advanced driving assistance systems (e.g., obstruction detection)	Non-technical skills training (e.g., problem solving, memory, communication)
Landmarks		Impaired situation awareness	Multimodal information and feedback sources

Source: Authors’ own work