Table 9. Performance of the... | Emerald Publishing

Table 9.

Performance of the four-parameter non-linear Muskingum model with VEP

Example	SSQ^c				Parameters of five-parameter model with VEP
	Four-parameter model (Easa, 2014)	Discussers' five-parameter model	Five-parameter model with VEP	Improvement:^b %	K	w	α	β₁	β₂	v₁
Example 1	7·67	5·44	5·35	2	0·971	0·264	0·356	-^a	–	–
Example 2	32 299	32 056	23 069	28	0·942	0·338	1·283	1·133	1·154	0·289
Example 3	73 379	69 727	59 709	14	0·064	0·267	1·037	1·439	1·426	0·393

Example	SSQ^c				Parameters of five-parameter model with VEP
	Four-parameter model (Easa, 2014)	Discussers' five-parameter model	Five-parameter model with VEP	Improvement:^b %	K	w	α	β₁	β₂	v₁
Example 1	7·67	5·44	5·35	2	0·971	0·264	0·356	-^a	–	–
Example 2	32 299	32 056	23 069	28	0·942	0·338	1·283	1·133	1·154	0·289
Example 3	73 379	69 727	59 709	14	0·064	0·267	1·037	1·439	1·426	0·393

^a For this example, a continuous function of the exponent parameter provided better results, β(u_j) = a + b log(1·1 − u_j), where a = 4·830 and b = −0·052.

^b Improvement of the author's five-parameter model with VEP, compared with the discussers' five-parameter model.

^c All results include SSQ for t = 0, which equals (I₀ − Q₀)².

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