Table 4

Value co-creation domains in a Machine Learning-enabled context

DomainDefinition
VCC driverExpected benefits the customer can gain from using the digitally-enabled PSS, and the needs that can be predicted via ML before they become explicit
Resource usedIntangible resources, such as existing skills and knowledge embedded in goods, and brand-new knowledge that ML algorithms and related software are able to create within a virtuous cycle of resource generation and development
Role of goodsBi-directional vehicles of resources exchanges, through which the manufacturers transfer their skills and knowledge to the customer and collect data to be turned into new knowledge
Role of value co-creatorsAll the actors that interact within the ecosystem by sharing data to be processed via ML become simultaneously value co-creators and beneficiaries of the co-created value
Purpose and measurement of co-created valueML helps in translating the concepts of “adaptability, survivability and system well-being” in terms of more tangible dimensions that can be measured to express the degree to which such purposes have been achieved
Process of VCCSet of concurrent activities to be analyzed dynamically according to at least two perspectives: that of the manufacturer and that of the customers
Contingent forcesExogenous and endogenous forces that lead to the adoption of a specific configuration among the finite number of possible ones

Source(s): Author's own creation

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