Table IV

Features of innovations

Technology-oriented innovationsNon-technology-oriented innovations
FeatureFreq.FeatureFreq.
Higher technological usability4Teachers reflected on their own teaching and facilitate their teaching6
Improved students’ learning motivation3More cross-disciplinary collaboration5
Allowed checking of students’ understanding2Students were better prepared for adapting to an institution’s learning environment1
More discussion in class2Students becoming teachers1
Greater mobility in learning2Improved students’ satisfaction1
Enabled students to understand their own progress1Developed students’ better creativity1
More teacher–student interaction1More updated teaching materials1
More time for problem-based learning1Saving money for students1
Developed students’ active learning1  
Strengthened teacher–student bonding1  
Students becoming more familiar with the work environment1  
Total19Total17

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