Notes: (a) Poor pre- or postnatal growth: birth length or weight ⩽ tenth centile (for gestational age); and failure to thrive (postnatal height or weight ⩽ tenth centile) at any one point in time (adjusted for age, sex, gestational age, and race or ethnicity). (b1) Structural or functional brain abnormality – at least one of: structural or neurological abnormalities: clinically significant structural abnormality (e.g. head circumference ⩽ tenth centile or brain abnormalities on imaging) or neurological abnormality not due to a postnatal insult or fever, or other soft neurological signs outside normal limits; functional abnormalities: performance significantly below that expected for an individual’s age, schooling or circumstances, as evidenced by: global cognitive or intellectual deficits representing multiple domains of deficit (or significant developmental delay in younger children) with performance below the third percentile (2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean on standardised tests) or significant functional impairment (1 SD below the mean on standardised tests) in three or more domains: cognitive or developmental deficits or discrepancies; executive functioning deficits; motor functioning delays; problems with attention or hyperactivity; social skills; other, such as sensory problems, pragmatic language problems, memory deficits, etc.; (b2) Structural or functional brain abnormality – at least one of: structural or neurological abnormalities: clinically significant structural abnormality (e.g. head circumference ⩽ tenth centile or brain abnormalities on imaging) or neurological abnormality not due to a postnatal insult or fever, or other soft neurological signs outside normal limits); functional abnormalities: severe dysfunction in at least one domain, or less severe dysfunction in three or more domains (including diagnoses of ADHD or autism) or global developmental delay at <five years