Table 3 Attentions teachers and students... | Emerald Publishing

Table 3

Attentions teachers and students need in different domains of self-efficacy

Domains	For teachers	For students
Verbal persuasion	Encouragement, regular feedbacks, visions from respective school authorities and governments to teach online Teacher–teacher interactions will courage their ability and efficacy A clear vision before teachers regarding what to teach, how to teach and access will help their smooth function The stress produced during teaching online, especially from inabilities, needs to be reduced by suitable mentoring and peer support	Encouragement from parents, teachers and society as a whole will enhance their use of online learning Constructive feedbacks from teachers and parents will help to strengthen their self-confidence A clear vision from school authorities and teachers when and how to get benefits from online learning will enhance their belief. The vision and guidelines for how to overcome the infrastructural limitations are also important here
Role modeling	Success stories of teachers who get exceptional success in teaching through online learning should be put before them	Peer support or peer learning plays a big role. If friends can learn online, why cannot I? The student is expected to put more effort to overcome his/her weaknesses, and it will enhance his efficacy
	(2) Several model teaching procedures using teaching apps like Zoom, Kahoot, Seesaw, Goolgle classroom, Remind, Classtree, Dropbox,YouTube, etc may be given to the teachers to enhance their self-belief	(2) Animated life-like characters Johnson et al. (2000) embedded in instructional applications or instructional videos and models may serve this purpose
	(3) Pedagogical agents for learning (PAL) may also help in strengthening vicarious experience Kim and Baylor (2006)	(3) Self-efficacy starts with autonomy and self-regulation. Children who are allowed to decide for themselves and choose their ways are more self-reliant and independent. It is always a good idea to let them choose their tasks, so that they get to do what they want to and not lose interest in it
Self- mastery	When teachers overcome their obstacles and setbacks with perseverance and resilience they will attain mastery over the online teaching that will strengthen their self-efficacy belief More practice makes him/her more confident about his/her abilities/skills and reduces his/her chances of failing in the real task To increase employee self-efficacy, organizations can conduct specialized training programs and orientations that promote self-efficacy Allowing teachers to express their opinions, active feedback mechanisms, prioritizing targets and helping them with time-management and organizational skills	Students also after overcoming their weaknesses will attain mastery in learning through online that will enhance their sense of efficacy Students will learn from their past success and failure, for this they need to be offered with a democratic and cooperative learning atmosphere One students' attainment of self-mastery may encourage others; hence, success stories need circulations

Domains	For teachers	For students
Verbal persuasion	Encouragement, regular feedbacks, visions from respective school authorities and governments to teach online Teacher–teacher interactions will courage their ability and efficacy A clear vision before teachers regarding what to teach, how to teach and access will help their smooth function The stress produced during teaching online, especially from inabilities, needs to be reduced by suitable mentoring and peer support	Encouragement from parents, teachers and society as a whole will enhance their use of online learning Constructive feedbacks from teachers and parents will help to strengthen their self-confidence A clear vision from school authorities and teachers when and how to get benefits from online learning will enhance their belief. The vision and guidelines for how to overcome the infrastructural limitations are also important here
Role modeling	Success stories of teachers who get exceptional success in teaching through online learning should be put before them	Peer support or peer learning plays a big role. If friends can learn online, why cannot I? The student is expected to put more effort to overcome his/her weaknesses, and it will enhance his efficacy
	(2) Several model teaching procedures using teaching apps like Zoom, Kahoot, Seesaw, Goolgle classroom, Remind, Classtree, Dropbox,YouTube, etc may be given to the teachers to enhance their self-belief	(2) Animated life-like characters Johnson et al. (2000) embedded in instructional applications or instructional videos and models may serve this purpose
	(3) Pedagogical agents for learning (PAL) may also help in strengthening vicarious experience Kim and Baylor (2006)	(3) Self-efficacy starts with autonomy and self-regulation. Children who are allowed to decide for themselves and choose their ways are more self-reliant and independent. It is always a good idea to let them choose their tasks, so that they get to do what they want to and not lose interest in it
Self- mastery	When teachers overcome their obstacles and setbacks with perseverance and resilience they will attain mastery over the online teaching that will strengthen their self-efficacy belief More practice makes him/her more confident about his/her abilities/skills and reduces his/her chances of failing in the real task To increase employee self-efficacy, organizations can conduct specialized training programs and orientations that promote self-efficacy Allowing teachers to express their opinions, active feedback mechanisms, prioritizing targets and helping them with time-management and organizational skills	Students also after overcoming their weaknesses will attain mastery in learning through online that will enhance their sense of efficacy Students will learn from their past success and failure, for this they need to be offered with a democratic and cooperative learning atmosphere One students' attainment of self-mastery may encourage others; hence, success stories need circulations