Table 1

Summary Handcrafted Descriptors.

NameParametersSourceSection
LTPMultiscale Uniform LTP with two (R,P) configurations: (1, 8) and (2, 16), threshold = 3.[33]3.1
MLPQEnsemble of LPQ descriptors obtained by varying the filter sizes, the scalar frequency, and the correlation coefficient between adjacent pixel values.[34]3.2
CLBPCompleted LBP with two (R,P) configurations: (1,8) and (2,16).[35]3.3
RICMultiscale Rotation Invariant Co-occurrence of Adjacent LBP with R ∈ {1, 2, 4}.[36]3.4
FBSIFExtension of the BIF by varying the parameters of filter size (SIZE_BSIF, size ∈ {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}) and the threshold for binarizing (FULL_BSIF, th ∈ {−9, −6, −3, 0, 3, 6, 9}).[37]3.5
AHPAdaptive Hybrid Pattern with quantization level = 5 and 2; the (R,P) configurations are (1, 8) and (2, 16).[38]3.6
GOLDEnsemble of Gaussians of LOcal Descriptors extracted using the spatial pyramid decomposition.[39]3.7
HOGHistogram of Oriented Gradients with 30 cells (5 by 6).[40]3.8
MORA set of MORphological features.[41]3.9
CLMCodebookLess Model. We use the ensemble named CLoVo_3 in [15] based on e-SFT, PCA for dimensionality reduction, and one-vs-all SVM for the training phase.[42]3.10
LETSame parameters used in the source code of [43][43]3.11

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