Table IV. UWB antenna: optimization cost...

Table IV.

UWB antenna: optimization cost breakdown

Cost item	Surrogate model domain
Cost item	X_S (this work)	Hypercube [l^,u^]
Extreme points	750 × R	440 × R
Data acquisition for kriging surrogate	200 × R	1,600 × R
MOEA optimization^a	N/A	N/A
Refinement	36 × R	36 × R
Total cost^b	986 × R (82 h)	2,076 × R (173 h)

Cost item	Surrogate model domain
Cost item	X_S (this work)	Hypercube [l^,u^]
Extreme points	750 × R	440 × R
Data acquisition for kriging surrogate	200 × R	1,600 × R
MOEA optimization^a	N/A	N/A
Refinement	36 × R	36 × R
Total cost^b	986 × R (82 h)	2,076 × R (173 h)

Notes:

^aThe cost of MOEA optimization is negligible compared to other stages of the process. ^bThe total cost is expressed in terms of the equivalent number of EM simulations

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