Table 5 Robustness results for different...

Table 5

Robustness results for different depth I4.0 and knowledge creation

	Model 3a	Model 3b	Model 4a	Model 4b
	Knowledge for process		Knowledge for product
Main variables	ß	ß	ß	ß
Production depth I4.0	0.056	–	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0	–	–	0.151
IF collaboration	0.376***	–	0.298***	–
Production depth I4.0 mediated by IF collaboration	0.204*	–	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0 mediated by IF collaboration	–		0.204*	–
Production depth I4.0	–	0.118	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0	–	–		0.125
KIBS	–	0.227*	–	0.324**
Production depth I4.0 mediated by KIBS	–	0.204*	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0 mediated by KIBS	–	–	–	0.204*
Control variables
Technology customization	−0.066	−0.253	0.968	0.716
Employees (log)	0.182	0.460	−0.023	0.230
Industry	0.097	−0.020	0.147	0.069
Market type	0.068	0.063	−0.102	−0.099
Export (% on turnover)	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.003
R&D expenditure	0.002	0.007	0.002	0.005
Turnover (log)	−0.032	−0.170	−0.149	−0.348
Firm’s age	−0.009	−0.015	−0.002	−0.007
Product customization	0.276	0.184	−0.007	0.070

	Model 3a	Model 3b	Model 4a	Model 4b
	Knowledge for process		Knowledge for product
Main variables	ß	ß	ß	ß
Production depth I4.0	0.056	–	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0	–	–	0.151
IF collaboration	0.376***	–	0.298***	–
Production depth I4.0 mediated by IF collaboration	0.204*	–	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0 mediated by IF collaboration	–		0.204*	–
Production depth I4.0	–	0.118	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0	–	–		0.125
KIBS	–	0.227*	–	0.324**
Production depth I4.0 mediated by KIBS	–	0.204*	–	–
Marketing depth I4.0 mediated by KIBS	–	–	–	0.204*
Control variables
Technology customization	−0.066	−0.253	0.968	0.716
Employees (log)	0.182	0.460	−0.023	0.230
Industry	0.097	−0.020	0.147	0.069
Market type	0.068	0.063	−0.102	−0.099
Export (% on turnover)	0.002	0.002	0.003	0.003
R&D expenditure	0.002	0.007	0.002	0.005
Turnover (log)	−0.032	−0.170	−0.149	−0.348
Firm’s age	−0.009	−0.015	−0.002	−0.007
Product customization	0.276	0.184	−0.007	0.070

Note(s): N = 137. Dependent variable Models 3a and b = knowledge for process innovation. Dependent variable Models 4a,b = knowledge for product innovation. Unstandardized regression coefficients are reported. Models 3a and b: R = 0.377, R² = 0.142. Models 4a and b: R = 0.286, R² = 0.082. Bootstrap sample size = 5,000. LLCI = lower limit of 95% confidence interval; ULCI = upper limit of 95% confidence interval. Models 3a and b: SE = 0.098; z = 2.082; p = 0.039; LLCI = 0.010; ULCI = 0.398. Models 4a and b: SE = 0.096; z = 2.137; p = 0.035; LLCI = 0.015; ULCI = 0.394

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