Table 4

Review of takaful and human resource

AuthorsJournalMethodFindings
Rusby (2018) EspaciosSurvey-basedThe partial test results showed a significant influence of incentives on the agents' work performance
Djafri and Noordin (2017) HumanomicsSurvey-basedThe relationship between each component of workplace spirituality and organizational commitment was substantial, positive and significant
Rahman et al. (2017) Cogent business and managementSurvey-basedSales agents are satisfied with hygiene factors, where the motivators are not significantly affected by Shariah perception
Aziz et al. (2016) International review of management and marketingConceptualUnethical behavior is evident among the Takaful agents in meeting the sales target
Khan (2015a) Applied economics lettersQuantitativeUpfront agency fee has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the insurance profit and a U-shaped relationship with the loss ratio, earned premium and combined operating ratio (COR) as expected
Khan (2015b) Journal of economic behaviour and organizationQuantitativeIncentives must include surplus-sharing and that offering Mudarabah in the presence of surplus-sharing is optimal
Mansor and Luqman (2012) World applied sciences journalSurvey-basedThe findings reveal that the concept of internal exchange skills is a strong indicator that could increase competency learning
Salleh et al. (2012) Global journal Al-ThaqafahTheoreticalAll of the islamic values as stated in the Al-Quran and practice through the Sunnah of prophets (peace be upon them) will be implemented by the takaful agents in order to realize the objective of takaful
Alajmi et al. (2011) JIMASurvey-basedResults demonstrate that more differences than similarities exist between Kuwait and Egypt in terms of power distance and uncertainty avoidance

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