Table 6

Description of control variables

Control variableCBs' ratingIBs' ratingMeasurementReferences
Bank typeTYcTYiA qualitative variable that takes three modalities
  1. if the bank is commercial

  2. if the bank is investment

  3. if the bank is universal

Thomi (2014) 
Bank ageAGcAGiAge of the Islamic or conventional bank for each yearArif et al. (2017) 
Bank sizeTAcTAiLogarithm of the total assets of Islamic or conventional bankRashid et al. (2020) 
InflationINFcINFiThe inflation rate in the country of origin of the Islamic or conventional bankNahar and Sarker (2016) 

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