Table 2

Indicator assessment tests

Validity testTest instrumentAcceptable values
Internal consistency reliabilityCronbach alphaTest values preferably FOV 0.7
Composite reliabilityTest values are preferably Fov 0.7
Unidimensioalityouter loadingsThe values shall not be less than 0.4
Convergent validityAverage variance extracted (AVE)Test values should not be less than 0.5
Discriminant validityFornell- larckerWhen the variable with itself has a higher value than any value of the variable with another variable, meaning that the squared islands of the mean variance extract must have a higher correlation for that latent variable than any other variables

Source(s): Chin (2010), Hair et al. (2014), Oyewobi, Windapo, and Rotimi (2017) 

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