Direct effects of each variable
| Hypothesis | Regression path | Original sample (O) | T statistics (|O/STDEV|) | p-value | Confidence intervals | Acceptance and rejection | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | ||||||
| H1 | HF → DCBAE | 0.362 | 3.225 | 0.001 | 0.154 | 0.553 | Acceptance |
| H2 | HF → SAP | 0.169 | 2.410 | 0.035 | 0.031 | 0.421 | Acceptance |
| H3 | ETF → DCBAE | 0.352 | 0.316 | 0.001 | 0.081 | 0.591 | Acceptance |
| H4 | ETF → SAP | 0.337 | 0.297 | 0.005 | 0.056 | 0.574 | Acceptance |
| H5 | CSF → DCBAE | 0.197 | 2.625 | 0.008 | 0.073 | 0.367 | Acceptance |
| H6 | CSF → SAP | 0.308 | 2.842 | 0.004 | 0.096 | 0.510 | Acceptance |
| Hypothesis | Regression path | Original sample (O) | Confidence intervals | Acceptance and rejection | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum | Maximum | ||||||
| HF → DCBAE | 0.362 | 3.225 | 0.001 | 0.154 | 0.553 | Acceptance | |
| HF → SAP | 0.169 | 2.410 | 0.035 | 0.031 | 0.421 | Acceptance | |
| ETF → DCBAE | 0.352 | 0.316 | 0.001 | 0.081 | 0.591 | Acceptance | |
| ETF → SAP | 0.337 | 0.297 | 0.005 | 0.056 | 0.574 | Acceptance | |
| CSF → DCBAE | 0.197 | 2.625 | 0.008 | 0.073 | 0.367 | Acceptance | |
| CSF → SAP | 0.308 | 2.842 | 0.004 | 0.096 | 0.510 | Acceptance | |