Table 2

Correlation matrix

LPRODCAPUTISCSALESQCERTEXAUDITPDOMPFORGOVAGELG
LPROD1        
CAPUTI0.00071       
SCSALES−0.0106−0.04611      
QCERT0.01390.0847−0.00081     
EXAUDIT0.00570.05530.00770.24361    
PDOM−0.02100.0783−0.0444−0.1041−0.08971   
PFOR0.0217−0.01690.02090.12620.1168−0.76891  
GOV0.0104−0.00370.00690.06100.0378−0.2116−0.00521 
AGELG−0.00560.0557−0.00520.14130.15010.0190−0.02220.03521
GRAFTLG−0.0003−0.01510.04350.00660.0258−0.01560.0220−0.0055−0.0274

Note(s): The Table presents the correlation matrix of the variables employed in the study. LPROD, CAPUTI, SCSALES, AGE and GRAFT are, respectively, annual labour productivity growth, percentage capital utilisation, security cost as a percentage of annual sales, age of the firm in years, and graft index. QCERT and EXAUDIT are respectively the percentage of firms with internationally recognised quality certification and the percentage of firms with annual financial statements reviewed by an external auditor. Also, PDOM, PFOR, and GOV are the proportion of private domestic ownership, private foreign ownership, and state ownership in a firm, respectively

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