Table 1 Sample description Panel A:...

Table 1

Sample description

Panel A: Sample distribution by year
Year	No. of observations	No. of cities	No. of provinces
2000	457	152	27
2001	521	166	28
2002	588	168	28
2003	649	179	28
2004	661	182	28
2005	739	197	28
2006	813	203	28
2007	770	196	28
2008	853	196	28
2009	926	205	28
2010	939	214	28
2011	1,092	212	28
2012	1,364	227	28
2013	1,539	229	28
2014	1,616	234	28
2015	1,562	229	28
2016	1,599	235	28
2017	1,644	227	28
2018	2,060	244	28
Total	20,392	260	28

Panel A: Sample distribution by year
Year	No. of observations	No. of cities	No. of provinces
2000	457	152	27
2001	521	166	28
2002	588	168	28
2003	649	179	28
2004	661	182	28
2005	739	197	28
2006	813	203	28
2007	770	196	28
2008	853	196	28
2009	926	205	28
2010	939	214	28
2011	1,092	212	28
2012	1,364	227	28
2013	1,539	229	28
2014	1,616	234	28
2015	1,562	229	28
2016	1,599	235	28
2017	1,644	227	28
2018	2,060	244	28
Total	20,392	260	28

Panel B: Distribution of prefecture-city official turnover by year
Year	Head turnover (%)	Mayor turnover (%)	Head or mayor turnover (%)	Head and mayor turnover (%)
2000	22.98	28.45	40.92	10.50
2001	28.98	32.25	40.50	20.73
2002	34.86	29.76	51.19	13.44
2003	37.29	49.31	61.94	24.65
2004	14.98	13.16	23.15	4.99
2005	30.72	26.12	40.19	16.64
2006	15.62	20.79	26.69	9.72
2007	29.74	38.83	49.48	19.09
2008	36.34	26.14	45.60	16.88
2009	9.07	16.09	20.95	4.21
2010	23.75	22.36	34.29	11.82
2011	28.02	33.06	43.59	17.49
2012	34.24	35.48	46.48	23.24
2013	28.91	32.75	44.64	17.02
2014	13.99	14.73	23.76	4.95
2015	36.94	24.14	52.62	8.45
2016	32.40	29.39	45.53	16.26
2017	53.71	43.19	72.26	24.64
2018	38.70	46.96	64.31	21.35
Average	29.01	29.63	43.58	15.06

Panel B: Distribution of prefecture-city official turnover by year
Year	Head turnover (%)	Mayor turnover (%)	Head or mayor turnover (%)	Head and mayor turnover (%)
2000	22.98	28.45	40.92	10.50
2001	28.98	32.25	40.50	20.73
2002	34.86	29.76	51.19	13.44
2003	37.29	49.31	61.94	24.65
2004	14.98	13.16	23.15	4.99
2005	30.72	26.12	40.19	16.64
2006	15.62	20.79	26.69	9.72
2007	29.74	38.83	49.48	19.09
2008	36.34	26.14	45.60	16.88
2009	9.07	16.09	20.95	4.21
2010	23.75	22.36	34.29	11.82
2011	28.02	33.06	43.59	17.49
2012	34.24	35.48	46.48	23.24
2013	28.91	32.75	44.64	17.02
2014	13.99	14.73	23.76	4.95
2015	36.94	24.14	52.62	8.45
2016	32.40	29.39	45.53	16.26
2017	53.71	43.19	72.26	24.64
2018	38.70	46.96	64.31	21.35
Average	29.01	29.63	43.58	15.06

Note(s): This table presents the sample distribution by year (Panel A) and the distribution of prefecture-city official turnover by year (Panel B) over the period 2000–2018

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