Table 1 Sampling strategies and return... | Emerald Publishing

Table 1

Sampling strategies and return rates

Sample	Means of approach	Characteristics	Return
Facebook groups: Österreich Vegan; [[ Vegan @ Graz ]]	Post of online survey in Facebook groups, reminder once a week during collection period	Closed Facebook groups, access only with a Facebook account. Groups that deal solely with vegan topics in Austria, respectively Graz. Österreich Vegan: 5484 members; [[ Vegan @ Graz ]]: 1577 members	n = 111 (20.00%)
Restaurants: Café Erde; Cofeba; Die Erbse International; Ginko; Go Nutz Vegan Coffeeshop; Mangolds; Parks; Postgarage Cafe; Tischlein deck dich	Hard-copy application in restaurants. After contact, cooperation could only be accomplished with Café Erde, Tischlein deck dich and Mangolds	Customers at vegan or vegetarian restaurants located in Graz (Verein Gegen Tierfabriken (VGT), 2016). Copies of the surveys were placed in prominent places in the restaurants	n = 46 (8.30%)
Veggie Planet: Verein Gegen Tierfabriken; Team Vegan	Snow-ball sampling at the fair, access to groups through contact person	VGT: members of activist group for animal welfare, number of members or means of survey provision unknown. Team Vegan: vegan sports team in Graz, number of members or other characteristics unknown	VGT e-mail: n = 38 (6.80%) Fairs: n = 14 (2.50%)
Veggienale: Visitors	Presence during the fair; however, participants during the event were used for the pre-test. Collected e-mail addresses were used for the actual survey	Fair held in Graz on the 4th and 5th of June (Veggienale, 2015). Fair catered to people interested in a vegan lifestyle and consumption	VGT e-mail: n = 38 (6.80%) Fairs: n = 14 (2.50%)
University Email System	Online access though the university communication system	Email contact with registered students at the University of Graz. Number of students reached, unknown	n = 313 (56.30%)
High school	Contacts established with teacher of a high school	Age of prospective participants: 14–18 years old. Participation through input of teachers	n = 24 (4.30%)
Other means	Private distribution and other means	If possible, participants were encouraged to distribute the survey among friends, family or other interested persons	n = 10 (1.80%)

Sample	Means of approach	Characteristics	Return
Facebook groups: Österreich Vegan; [[ Vegan @ Graz ]]	Post of online survey in Facebook groups, reminder once a week during collection period	Closed Facebook groups, access only with a Facebook account. Groups that deal solely with vegan topics in Austria, respectively Graz. Österreich Vegan: 5484 members; [[ Vegan @ Graz ]]: 1577 members	n = 111 (20.00%)
Restaurants: Café Erde; Cofeba; Die Erbse International; Ginko; Go Nutz Vegan Coffeeshop; Mangolds; Parks; Postgarage Cafe; Tischlein deck dich	Hard-copy application in restaurants. After contact, cooperation could only be accomplished with Café Erde, Tischlein deck dich and Mangolds	Customers at vegan or vegetarian restaurants located in Graz (Verein Gegen Tierfabriken (VGT), 2016). Copies of the surveys were placed in prominent places in the restaurants	n = 46 (8.30%)
Veggie Planet: Verein Gegen Tierfabriken; Team Vegan	Snow-ball sampling at the fair, access to groups through contact person	VGT: members of activist group for animal welfare, number of members or means of survey provision unknown. Team Vegan: vegan sports team in Graz, number of members or other characteristics unknown	VGT e-mail: n = 38 (6.80%)Fairs: n = 14 (2.50%)
Veggienale: Visitors	Presence during the fair; however, participants during the event were used for the pre-test. Collected e-mail addresses were used for the actual survey	Fair held in Graz on the 4th and 5th of June (Veggienale, 2015). Fair catered to people interested in a vegan lifestyle and consumption	VGT e-mail: n = 38 (6.80%)Fairs: n = 14 (2.50%)
University Email System	Online access though the university communication system	Email contact with registered students at the University of Graz. Number of students reached, unknown	n = 313 (56.30%)
High school	Contacts established with teacher of a high school	Age of prospective participants: 14–18 years old. Participation through input of teachers	n = 24 (4.30%)
Other means	Private distribution and other means	If possible, participants were encouraged to distribute the survey among friends, family or other interested persons	n = 10 (1.80%)

Note(s): *as in June 2016