Definition of variables and measurement
| Variables | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Project achievement | |
| Technical performance | Improvement of technology development ability in related fields Product innovation: Average of contribution on quality improvement, product high value-added, product troubleshooting Production innovation: Average of contribution on increasing productivity, contributing to production, problem solving at workplace |
| Economic performance | Increase in sales and exports: average of contribution of sales increase and export increase New technology revenue contribution: the percentage of developed technology contributed to sales of the product |
| R&D capability | Number of registered R&D institutes The ratio of R&D staff to the total number of employees in 2004∼2012 |
| The characteristics of the technology development program | |
| Technical characteristics | Technology changes fast Technical difficulty is high Very high potential in commercialization Strong competition for technological development in the domestic market Worldwide strong competition for technological development Difficult to introduce overseas technology Large technology gap with developed countries |
| Market characteristics | |
| Complexity | Diversity of consumers’ demand Diversity of competing products Complexity of production technology Variety of distribution and sales channels Complexity of government policies and related laws |
| Dynamics | Frequency of new product development by competitors Introduction of new technologies by competitors Changes in material/technology related to products Changes in product use and demand patterns The speed of when products become obsolete |
| Competitiveness | Increase of domestic and overseas competitors Price competition among competitors Increasing production costs and falling profitability Lack of experts Slow in market growth and demand declines |
| Types of collaborative research | Dummy variable indicating joint research Dummy variable indicating large companies participate in joint research |
| Control variables | |
| Firm’s age | Years since establishment |
| Size | Average number of employees from 2004 to 2012 |
| Variables | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Technical performance | Improvement of technology development ability in related fields |
| Economic performance | Increase in sales and exports: average of contribution of sales increase and export increase |
| Number of registered R&D institutes | |
| Technical characteristics | Technology changes fast |
| Market characteristics | |
| Complexity | Diversity of consumers’ demand |
| Dynamics | Frequency of new product development by competitors |
| Competitiveness | Increase of domestic and overseas competitors |
| Types of collaborative research | Dummy variable indicating joint research |
| Firm’s age | Years since establishment |
| Size | Average number of employees from 2004 to 2012 |
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