Business process layer of the BPD-Space
| Business process | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimension | Guiding question(s) | Potential characteristics | Redesign example |
| Coordination | How is the process structured in terms of activities, events and actors? Should there be more/less structure (for specific cases)? How many variants of the process exist? Is the coordination transparent? | Standard processes (single variety, repetitive, binary logic), routine processes (limited set of variety, similar but not identical repetition, fuzzy logic) and non-routine processes (unlimited set of variety, non-repetitive, interpretative logic) (Lillrank, 2003) | A standard shipping process provided by UPS allows customers to send packages. As the address can change during shipping, UPS has also established routine processes to change an address after an order has been placed. UPS also offers customized solutions where UPS needs to create a non-routine process |
| Trigger | What/who starts the process? | Message events (e.g. order is received, need is identified), temporal events (e.g. every Friday morning, every working day of the month), conditional events (a business rule is met) or signal events (a process starts another process) (Dumas et al., 2018) | Amazon introduced anticipatory shipping. Based on big data analytics and artificial intelligence, the e-commerce retailer calculates a likelihood that a product is bought by a customer. Based on this likelihood, the shipping process might start even before the customer actively decides to buy the product. Instead of a message trigger initiated by the customer, another process is triggering these purchase-related procedures (signal trigger) |
| Outcome | What are possible ends of the process? How can we react to negative outcomes? | Message events (e.g. package sent, loan approved), temporal events (e.g. Sunday night, two weeks after the last interaction), conditional events (a business rule is met), signal events (another process ends the process) or error events (e.g. product not available) (Dumas et al., 2018) | In the event of an unexpected delay of train or flight, Lufthansa Express Rail will change to another connection free of charge. Thus, instead of missing the connection as the process outcome, a conditional event has been added to the process |
| Business process | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimension | Guiding question(s) | Potential characteristics | Redesign example |
| Coordination | How is the process structured in terms of activities, events and actors? Should there be more/less structure (for specific cases)? How many variants of the process exist? Is the coordination transparent? | Standard processes (single variety, repetitive, binary logic), routine processes (limited set of variety, similar but not identical repetition, fuzzy logic) and non-routine processes (unlimited set of variety, non-repetitive, interpretative logic) ( | A standard shipping process provided by UPS allows customers to send packages. As the address can change during shipping, UPS has also established routine processes to change an address after an order has been placed. UPS also offers customized solutions where UPS needs to create a non-routine process |
| Trigger | What/who starts the process? | Message events (e.g. order is received, need is identified), temporal events (e.g. every Friday morning, every working day of the month), conditional events (a business rule is met) or signal events (a process starts another process) ( | Amazon introduced anticipatory shipping. Based on big data analytics and artificial intelligence, the e-commerce retailer calculates a likelihood that a product is bought by a customer. Based on this likelihood, the shipping process might start even before the customer actively decides to buy the product. Instead of a message trigger initiated by the customer, another process is triggering these purchase-related procedures (signal trigger) |
| Outcome | What are possible ends of the process? How can we react to negative outcomes? | Message events (e.g. package sent, loan approved), temporal events (e.g. Sunday night, two weeks after the last interaction), conditional events (a business rule is met), signal events (another process ends the process) or error events (e.g. product not available) ( | In the event of an unexpected delay of train or flight, Lufthansa Express Rail will change to another connection free of charge. Thus, instead of missing the connection as the process outcome, a conditional event has been added to the process |
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