Descriptive statistics and correlations among study variables
| Variables | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Product innovation | 0.79 | 0.41 | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
| 2. Innovation sales | 21.9 | 21.9 | na | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| 3. Inbound OI | 4.23 | 1.63 | 0.188*** | 0.089 | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| 4. Outbound OI (1 prac.) | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.017 | −0.006 | 0.132** | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| 5. Outbound OI (2 prac.) | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.048 | 0.171*** | 0.152*** | −0.288*** | 1.000 | |||||||||
| 6. Employee autonomy | 1.18 | 0.97 | 0.144** | 0.180*** | 0.334*** | 0.117** | 0.164*** | 1.000 | ||||||||
| 7. Firm age (Ln) | 3.32 | 0.91 | −0.035 | −0.227*** | 0.088 | −0.030 | −0.069 | −0.086 | 1.000 | |||||||
| 8. Firm size (Ln) | 1.39 | 0.50 | 0.088 | −0.092 | 0.253*** | −0.001 | −0.050 | 0.065 | 0.383*** | 1.000 | ||||||
| 9. High-tech sector | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.065 | 0.169** | 0.063 | 0.079 | 0.038 | −0.005 | −0.099* | −0.097* | 1.000 | |||||
| 10. Medium-tech sector | 0.67 | 0.47 | −0.001 | 0.011 | 0.076 | 0.071 | −0.028 | −0.072 | −0.036 | 0.039 | −0.364*** | 1.000 | ||||
| 11. Low-tech sector | 0.27 | 0.44 | −0.038 | −0.114* | −0.115** | −0.119** | 0.009 | 0.079 | 0.092 | 0.011 | −0.156*** | −0.863*** | 1.000 | |||
| 12. Process innovation | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.211*** | −0.250*** | 0.146** | 0.008 | 0.090 | 0.285*** | 0.013 | 0.129* | −0.084 | −0.062 | 0.113* | 1.000 | ||
| 13. Location (Cph.) | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.028 | 0.074 | 0.055 | −0.033 | 0.016 | 0.024 | 0.110* | 0.066 | 0.232*** | −0.029 | −0.095* | 0.083 | 1.000 | |
| 14. Patent application | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.223** | 0.170** | 0.328** | 0.115* | 0.137** | −0.007 | 0.314** | 0.127* | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.124 | 0.207** | 0.055 | 1.000 |
| Variables | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Product innovation | 0.79 | 0.41 | 1.000 | |||||||||||||
| 2. Innovation sales | 21.9 | 21.9 | na | 1.000 | ||||||||||||
| 3. Inbound OI | 4.23 | 1.63 | 0.188*** | 0.089 | 1.000 | |||||||||||
| 4. Outbound OI (1 prac.) | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.017 | −0.006 | 0.132** | 1.000 | ||||||||||
| 5. Outbound OI (2 prac.) | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.048 | 0.171*** | 0.152*** | −0.288*** | 1.000 | |||||||||
| 6. Employee autonomy | 1.18 | 0.97 | 0.144** | 0.180*** | 0.334*** | 0.117** | 0.164*** | 1.000 | ||||||||
| 7. Firm age (Ln) | 3.32 | 0.91 | −0.035 | −0.227*** | 0.088 | −0.030 | −0.069 | −0.086 | 1.000 | |||||||
| 8. Firm size (Ln) | 1.39 | 0.50 | 0.088 | −0.092 | 0.253*** | −0.001 | −0.050 | 0.065 | 0.383*** | 1.000 | ||||||
| 9. High-tech sector | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.065 | 0.169** | 0.063 | 0.079 | 0.038 | −0.005 | −0.099* | −0.097* | 1.000 | |||||
| 10. Medium-tech sector | 0.67 | 0.47 | −0.001 | 0.011 | 0.076 | 0.071 | −0.028 | −0.072 | −0.036 | 0.039 | −0.364*** | 1.000 | ||||
| 11. Low-tech sector | 0.27 | 0.44 | −0.038 | −0.114* | −0.115** | −0.119** | 0.009 | 0.079 | 0.092 | 0.011 | −0.156*** | −0.863*** | 1.000 | |||
| 12. Process innovation | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.211*** | −0.250*** | 0.146** | 0.008 | 0.090 | 0.285*** | 0.013 | 0.129* | −0.084 | −0.062 | 0.113* | 1.000 | ||
| 13. Location (Cph.) | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.028 | 0.074 | 0.055 | −0.033 | 0.016 | 0.024 | 0.110* | 0.066 | 0.232*** | −0.029 | −0.095* | 0.083 | 1.000 | |
| 14. Patent application | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.223** | 0.170** | 0.328** | 0.115* | 0.137** | −0.007 | 0.314** | 0.127* | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.124 | 0.207** | 0.055 | 1.000 |
Notes: *,**,***Significant 0.1, 0.05 and 0.001 levels, respectively
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