Table VIII

Mediational analysis for outbound open innovation

Model 11Model 12
RelationsProduct innovation (H4)Innovation sales (H4)
(a) Outbound open innovation → Employee autonomy
 1 Outbound practice0.773 (0.010***)0.773 (0.010***)
 2 Outbound practices1.891 (0.000***)1.891 (0.000***)
(b) Employee autonomy → Innovation performance0.277 (0.163ns)0.325 (0.000***)
(c) Outbound open innovation → Innovation performance
 1 Outbound practice0.153 (0.669ns)0.173 (0.464ns)
 2 Outbound practices−0.086 (0.909ns)0.749 (0.023**)
(a) × (b) – Indirect effect of outbound open innovation on innovation performance
 1 Outbound practice0.0690.007
 2 Outbound practices0.2810.038
Confidence interval (95%)
 1 Outbound practice(−0.146: 0.289)(−0.030: 0.069)
 2 Outbound practices(−0.056: 0.693)(0.011: 0.110)
Sobel test
 1 Outbound practice(0.289ns)(0.523ns)
 2 Outbound practices(186ns)(0.064*)
Conclusion
 1 Outbound practiceNo mediationNo mediation
 2 Outbound practicesNo mediationComplementary mediation

Notes: The coefficients and significance levels are provided from the models estimated with control variables (fully specified models). *,**,***Significant 0.1, 0.05 and 0.001 levels, respectively

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