Table 9

VECM model for logs of SMP prices

Cointegrating EqCointEq1CointEq2CointEq3
EU_SMP(-1)100
OCEANIA_SMP(-1)010
US_SMP(-1)001
GDT_SMP_CP2(-1)−0.984−0.999−1.037
C−0.086−0.0370.338
Error correctionΔEU_SMPΔOCEANIA_SMPΔUS_SMPΔGDT_SMP_CP2
CointEq1−0.061**(−0.026)0.109**(−0.049)0.112**(−0.046)0.156**(−0.064)
CointEq2−0.038(−0.040)−0,367***(−0.075)0.068(−0.070)0.036(−0.098)
CointEq30.043*(−0.023)0.009(−0.044)−0.139***(−0.041)0.041(−0.058)
ΔEU_SMP(-1)0.364***(−0.064)0.243**(−0.122)−0.122(−0.114)0.268*(−0.159)
ΔOCEANIA_SMP(-1)−0.060(−0.043)0.013(−0.081)−0.007(−0.076)0.061(−0.106)
ΔUS_SMP(-1)0.210***(−0.044)0.267***(-0.084)0.601***(−0.078)0.406***(−0.109)
ΔGDT_SMP_CP2(-1)0.058(−0.040)0.154**(−0.077)0.003(−0.072)0.045(−0.100)
R-squared0.4760.3760.2710.211
Statisticp-value
LM(1)14.3710.571
LM(12)12.6970.695
LM(24)18.4060.301
J-B1,244.7420.000***

Note(s): Lags and standard errors are in parentheses. ***, ** and*denote significance level of 1% 5% and 10%, respectively. Statistically significant price relationships shaded

Source(s): Own calculations

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