Table V.

Johansen tests for co-integration for all variables

RankParmsLLEigenvalueStatisticValue
078−1,084.03324.591594.15
189−1,007.760.66364172.050968.52
298−976.1890.36301108.911347.21
3105−955.2180.2588866.967829.68
4110−935.1050.2497326.743115.41
5113−927.4870.1031311.50563.76
6114−921.7340.0789  

Notes:

Sample: 2016 week 5 – 2018 week 40 (with the lags 3); *, ** and *** significant at 10%, 5% and 1% levels, respectively; because of ENTVN being non-stationary in significance level 1%, we employ further process for this variable by taking the first difference of ENTVN, which is considered as one typical way to deal with stochastic trends (unit root); this test is used for ENT, NB, D.ENTVN, SU, PERNUM, PERCAP variables; the Johansen test is used with Maximum Likelihood estimator of the parameters of a co-integrating VECM with function as follows  Δyt=αβ'yt-1+t=1p-1ΓiΔyt-1+ϵt. Denoted y is (K x 1) vector of I(1) variables,α and β are (K x r) parameter matrices with rank r < K, Γ1…Γp−1 are (K x K) matrices of parameters and ϵt is a (K x 1) vector of normally distributed errors that is serially uncorrelated (Anderson, 1951) and (Johansen 1998)

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