Table 3

Sources of data collected for the different RQs

Steps in the research process with reference to research aimsSource and type of data collected for case studies
RQ1 – Traceability systems in the coffee supply chainSource 1 (primary) – interviews
Face-to-face and/or phone interviews on general business aspects, types of traceability solution(s) for data collection and data communication, drivers, barriers in the adoption, expected benefits and future traceability perspectives
Source 2 – news and press
Up-to-date preliminary information on the companies' traceability systems through a Google search on re-known traceability projects
Source 3 – technological and industry benchmarking
Certification schemes and standard information traced, general information of traceability solutions and modes of adoption in the coffee industry
Source 4 - direct observations
Product direct observations for the traceability information communicated to the final customer
RQ1 – Relationship between traceability and sustainabilitySource 1 (primary) - interviews
Face-to-face and/or phone interviews on drivers, barriers in the adoption of traceability solution(s), expected benefits, future traceability perspectives, sustainability initiatives and certification, their relationship with quality and traceability
Source 5 – internal documents
Company websites, sustainability reports/ethic codes, corporate presentation on specific sustainability initiatives
RQ2 – Legitimacy seeking approachSource 1 (primary) – interviews
Face-to-face and/or phone interviews on drivers, barriers in the adoption of traceability solution, expected benefits, future traceability perspectives, sustainability initiative and certification, their relationship with quality and traceability

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