Table 4

Definition of inductive codes for RQ1

Coding labels: TfSExplanation in relation to first level codes
SynergisticTraceability and sustainability are tightly related to achieving sustainability-related goals and also to demonstrate accountability for specific sustainability initiatives while keeping transparency along the chain
ComplementaryTraceability complements the achievement of certain sustainability objectives and thus, sustainability arises as a positive “consequence” of the traceability efforts. Traceability helps at sustainability goals but “not as a main purpose, although relevant”
DisconnectedTraceability and sustainability initiatives are managed separately, each one with its own technology and procedures, often following different objectives

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