Tests of matching quality
| Variable | % Bias after different algorithm matching | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q(1) | Q(2) | Q(3) | Q(4) | |
| Lnhhinc | 18.4*** (12.52) | 2.0 (0.68) | 1.2 (0.55) | 3.1 (1.03) |
| Age | −4.4* (−1.71) | 2.5 (0.83) | 2.1 (0.55) | 2.1 (0.41) |
| Gender | 9.8*** (4.01) | 0.2 (0.05) | 3.8 (1.09) | 3.5 (0.72) |
| Married | 4.0 (1.53) | 4.2 (1.44) | 2.9 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.04) |
| Hhsize | 0.4 (0.16) | 3.5 (1.23) | −0.4 (−0.1) | −2.4 (−0.49) |
| Fafh | 2.8 (1.18) | 0 (0.00) | −3.3 (−0.89) | −3.1 (−0.59) |
| Educ | ||||
| Middle | 2.1 (0.85) | −0.1 (−0.03) | 1.4 (0.41) | 3.4 (0.69) |
| High or technical | 8.4*** (3.22) | −2.6 (−0.86) | −1.5 (−0.38) | 0 (0.00 ) |
| University or higher | −5.2** (−2.35) | −0.1 (−0.07) | −1.9 (−0.58) | −1.3 (−0.35) |
| Phyact | ||||
| Moderate | −4.6* (−1.78) | 7.3** (2.48) | 3.7 (1.01) | 0.2 (0.05) |
| Heavy | 3.8 (1.58) | −2.5 (−0.91) | −1.3 (−0.46) | −0.6 (−0.18) |
| Year | ||||
| 2004 | 3.3 (1.53) | 3.8 (1.35) | −2.6 (−0.72) | 0.9 (0.20 ) |
| 2006 | −2.1 (−0.8) | 3.2 (1.12) | 2.6 (0.74) | 1.1 (0.23) |
| 2009 | 0.1 (0.05) | −1.3 (−0.45) | 2.9 (0.88) | −1.3 (−0.25) |
| 2011 | 1.4 (0.54) | −1 (−0.35) | 0.1 (0.04) | 0.1 (0.02) |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.023 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| LR χ2 | 211.84 | 17.13 | 6.98 | 3.27 |
| Variable | % Bias after different algorithm matching | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q(1) | Q(2) | Q(3) | Q(4) | |
| Lnhhinc | 18.4*** (12.52) | 2.0 (0.68) | 1.2 (0.55) | 3.1 (1.03) |
| Age | −4.4* (−1.71) | 2.5 (0.83) | 2.1 (0.55) | 2.1 (0.41) |
| Gender | 9.8*** (4.01) | 0.2 (0.05) | 3.8 (1.09) | 3.5 (0.72) |
| Married | 4.0 (1.53) | 4.2 (1.44) | 2.9 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.04) |
| Hhsize | 0.4 (0.16) | 3.5 (1.23) | −0.4 (−0.1) | −2.4 (−0.49) |
| Fafh | 2.8 (1.18) | 0 (0.00) | −3.3 (−0.89) | −3.1 (−0.59) |
| Middle | 2.1 (0.85) | −0.1 (−0.03) | 1.4 (0.41) | 3.4 (0.69) |
| High or technical | 8.4*** (3.22) | −2.6 (−0.86) | −1.5 (−0.38) | 0 (0.00 ) |
| University or higher | −5.2** (−2.35) | −0.1 (−0.07) | −1.9 (−0.58) | −1.3 (−0.35) |
| Moderate | −4.6* (−1.78) | 7.3** (2.48) | 3.7 (1.01) | 0.2 (0.05) |
| Heavy | 3.8 (1.58) | −2.5 (−0.91) | −1.3 (−0.46) | −0.6 (−0.18) |
| 2004 | 3.3 (1.53) | 3.8 (1.35) | −2.6 (−0.72) | 0.9 (0.20 ) |
| 2006 | −2.1 (−0.8) | 3.2 (1.12) | 2.6 (0.74) | 1.1 (0.23) |
| 2009 | 0.1 (0.05) | −1.3 (−0.45) | 2.9 (0.88) | −1.3 (−0.25) |
| 2011 | 1.4 (0.54) | −1 (−0.35) | 0.1 (0.04) | 0.1 (0.02) |
| Pseudo | 0.023 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| LR | 211.84 | 17.13 | 6.98 | 3.27 |
Note(s): Matching quality is from nearest neighbor matching with five partners. Matching quality with other algorithm produces close results. We created the treated and control groups based on the level of urbanicity index – we divided the sample into five urban quintiles. Q(1)–Q(4) refer to the quintiles; T-statistics are in the parentheses. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01
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