Table 1. Pre-test descriptive statistics...

Table 1.

Pre-test descriptive statistics

	Experimental group
	Control group		Treatment group		Total		Differences between experimental groups
	(N = 14)		(N = 41)		(N = 55)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	df	p	sig.
Moral dilemma
Bribe
Justice	3.95	1.61	3.34	1.40	3.50	1.47	1.27	20.1	0.220
Relativism	4.04	1.34	3.94	1.64	3.96	1.56	0.22	27.5	0.828
Utilitarianism	5.54	1.26	5.44	1.44	5.46	1.38	0.24	25.4	0.813
Contractualism	4.61	2.25	4.60	2.01	4.60	2.05	0.01	20.6	0.989
Moral judgment	4.79	1.63	4.61	1.64	4.65	1.62	0.35	22.7	0.730
Early shipment
Justice	3.29	1.63	3.35	1.85	3.33	1.78	–0.12	25.3	0.904
Relativism	3.46	1.42	3.63	1.85	3.59	1.74	–0.36	29.3	0.725
Utilitarianism	4.32	1.50	4.77	1.53	4.65	1.52	–0.96	23.0	0.349
Contractualism	3.36	1.92	3.54	2.07	3.49	2.01	–0.30	24.2	0.770
Moral judgment	4.79	1.63	4.80	1.79	4.80	1.74	–0.04	24.7	0.971
Loan
Justice	2.45	1.14	2.44	1.61	2.44	1.49	0.03	31.7	0.973
Relativism	2.50	1.19	3.33	1.96	3.12	1.82	–1.88	37.6	0.068
Utilitarianism	3.89	1.70	4.24	1.65	4.15	1.65	–0.67	21.9	0.509
Contractualism	2.86	1.86	2.54	1.73	2.62	1.75	0.57	21.2	0.578
Moral judgment	5.71	1.33	5.20	1.81	5.33	1.70	1.15	30.7	0.261
Gifts
Justice	2.69	1.25	2.97	1.71	2.90	1.61	–0.64	30.2	0.528
Relativism	2.86	1.52	3.50	1.74	3.34	1.70	–1.31	25.5	0.201
Utilitarianism	3.21	1.34	4.17	1.67	3.93	1.63	–2.16	27.9	0.040	*
Contractualism	2.36	1.29	2.80	1.91	2.69	1.77	–0.98	33.5	0.333
Moral judgment	5.64	1.34	5.00	1.69	5.16	1.62	1.45	28.3	0.159
Bad debt
Justice	2.74	1.25	2.60	1.25	2.64	1.24	0.35	22.5	0.727
Relativism	2.79	1.37	3.24	1.57	3.13	1.52	–1.04	25.6	0.308
Utilitarianism	4.25	1.48	4.23	1.70	4.24	1.64	0.04	25.8	0.970
Contractualism	2.75	1.61	2.55	1.35	2.60	1.41	0.42	19.5	0.680
Moral judgment	5.21	1.42	5.17	1.30	5.18	1.32	0.10	20.9	0.921

	Experimental group
	Control group		Treatment group		Total		Differences betweenexperimental groups
	(N = 14)		(N = 41)		(N = 55)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	df	p	sig.
Moral dilemma
Bribe
Justice	3.95	1.61	3.34	1.40	3.50	1.47	1.27	20.1	0.220
Relativism	4.04	1.34	3.94	1.64	3.96	1.56	0.22	27.5	0.828
Utilitarianism	5.54	1.26	5.44	1.44	5.46	1.38	0.24	25.4	0.813
Contractualism	4.61	2.25	4.60	2.01	4.60	2.05	0.01	20.6	0.989
Moral judgment	4.79	1.63	4.61	1.64	4.65	1.62	0.35	22.7	0.730
Early shipment
Justice	3.29	1.63	3.35	1.85	3.33	1.78	–0.12	25.3	0.904
Relativism	3.46	1.42	3.63	1.85	3.59	1.74	–0.36	29.3	0.725
Utilitarianism	4.32	1.50	4.77	1.53	4.65	1.52	–0.96	23.0	0.349
Contractualism	3.36	1.92	3.54	2.07	3.49	2.01	–0.30	24.2	0.770
Moral judgment	4.79	1.63	4.80	1.79	4.80	1.74	–0.04	24.7	0.971
Loan
Justice	2.45	1.14	2.44	1.61	2.44	1.49	0.03	31.7	0.973
Relativism	2.50	1.19	3.33	1.96	3.12	1.82	–1.88	37.6	0.068
Utilitarianism	3.89	1.70	4.24	1.65	4.15	1.65	–0.67	21.9	0.509
Contractualism	2.86	1.86	2.54	1.73	2.62	1.75	0.57	21.2	0.578
Moral judgment	5.71	1.33	5.20	1.81	5.33	1.70	1.15	30.7	0.261
Gifts
Justice	2.69	1.25	2.97	1.71	2.90	1.61	–0.64	30.2	0.528
Relativism	2.86	1.52	3.50	1.74	3.34	1.70	–1.31	25.5	0.201
Utilitarianism	3.21	1.34	4.17	1.67	3.93	1.63	–2.16	27.9	0.040	*
Contractualism	2.36	1.29	2.80	1.91	2.69	1.77	–0.98	33.5	0.333
Moral judgment	5.64	1.34	5.00	1.69	5.16	1.62	1.45	28.3	0.159
Bad debt
Justice	2.74	1.25	2.60	1.25	2.64	1.24	0.35	22.5	0.727
Relativism	2.79	1.37	3.24	1.57	3.13	1.52	–1.04	25.6	0.308
Utilitarianism	4.25	1.48	4.23	1.70	4.24	1.64	0.04	25.8	0.970
Contractualism	2.75	1.61	2.55	1.35	2.60	1.41	0.42	19.5	0.680
Moral judgment	5.21	1.42	5.17	1.30	5.18	1.32	0.10	20.9	0.921

Notes:

Mean scores related to moral philosophies (justice, relativism, utilitarianism and contractualism) close to 7 indicate that an action is perceived as just (justice), contextually acceptable (relativism), bringing the greatest good to the greatest number of people (utilitarianism) or not violating the social contract (contractualism). For the moral judgment variable, responses close to 1 indicate that an action is ethical;

*p < 0.05

Source: Authors’ own creation

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