Table II

Comparison of how IoT is used in the cases and the effect of IoT on the asset management process

Expected effects of IoT on asset management business processesCaseEffects of IoT adoption on the cases
IoT data expected to change performance measurement of infrastructure service
Adoption of IoT has introduced more detailed and accurate predictive analysis for management of water levels and water quality of waterways
Case XAdoption of IoT has introduced more detailed and accurate predictive analysis for management of water levels and water quality of major waterways. Case X collects, aggregates and models data to accurately predict water levels and water quality. Based on these models, decisions are made to close storm surge barriers, close swimming areas, send out messages to shipping, etc.
 Case YAdoption of IoT has introduced more detailed and accurate predictive analysis for management of water levels in regional waterways. Case Y calculates the desired deployment of each reservoir mill for the next 24 hours and schedules use of pumping stations for the current time
IoT data expected to change perception of infrastructure service
Adoption of IoT has allowed greater transparency of conditions of waterways and an increased trust in asset management, risk-based decision-making
Case XAdoption of IoT has allowed greater transparency of conditions in the waterways and an increased trust in the substantiation of decision-making. The functional requirements of case X are based on the information needs of the primary process. However, the data is also used by other users such as
 Professional users like other government agencies, engineering agencies, universities and professional services
 The general public such as sailors, surfers, etc.
 Case YAdoption of IoT has allowed greater transparency of conditions in the waterways and an increased trust in the substantiation of decision-making. The height at which the water level of an area is set depends on the use and function of that area. For example, although water levels in wildlife areas often fluctuates, farmers tend to prefer a relatively low water level to prevent their land from becoming too wet. Case Y allows the organization to accurately communicate reasons for decisions regarding water levels
IoT data expected to change improvement processes of infrastructure service
IoT adoption has allowed asset managers faster access to data with higher levels of granularity regarding the state of waterways which has allowed decision-making to become partially automated, and allows for greater certainty as to when and which action needs to be taken
Case XIoT adoption has allowed asset managers access to greater levels of up-to-data information regarding the state of waterways and has greatly increased efficiency in the collection of this data, making the decision-making less subjective. For example, the information about the state of objects from case X contains real-time information about pump rotation times, lift heights, valve positions, operating time and spray times
 Case YIoT adoption has allowed asset managers access to greater levels of up-to-data information regarding the state of the regional waterways and has greatly increased efficiency in the collection of this data, making the decision-making less subjective. For example, this means greater insight into which preventive measures should be taken regarding water pollution if severe rainfall is expected

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