Table 2

Correlation analysis for 1986–2016 (31 years; N = 102,928)

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)
Panel A
(1)ΔIRISKt 0.5140.4870.2960.2420.3000.2700.2990.1460.1910.2180.092
(2)ΔIRISKt30.631 0.6930.1700.1260.1770.1460.1740.0810.1100.1120.073
(3)ΔIRISKt50.6320.780 0.1790.1330.1900.1520.1850.0940.1130.1160.073
(4)Δ(CL/CE)t0.3340.2630.272 0.5130.8250.6820.8970.3160.6420.4720.197
(5)Δ(NCL/CE)t0.2650.1900.1960.408 0.6420.7950.5490.5040.2970.9000.177
(6)Δ(TOLC/E)t0.3420.2660.2770.7810.642 0.6120.8860.5750.4030.5150.209
(7)Δ(TFL/CE)t0.3130.2380.2450.7160.7740.649 0.6070.3030.5870.8320.191
(8)Δ(COL/CE)t0.3360.2560.2670.8710.4900.8490.637 0.3170.4000.5140.203
(9)Δ(NCOL/CE)t0.1770.1420.1470.2720.5350.6380.3340.254 0.1640.2660.105
(10)Δ(STD/CE)t0.2400.2010.2080.7840.2140.4670.6210.4580.213 0.2820.121
(11)Δ(NCFL/CE)t0.2320.1560.1610.3690.9040.4840.7930.4740.2600.162 0.165
(12)Δ(PS/CE)t0.0140.0120.0090.0360.0340.0370.0370.035−0.003!0.0350.030 
Note(s): All coefficients are significant at the 5% level, except those with # – not significant and ! – significant at the 10% level. The upper right corner reports Pearson correlation coefficients and the left lower corner reports Spearman correlation coefficients. Δ signifies the difference in the level of the variable between period t and t−1.  Appendix 2 provides variable definitions
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)
Panel B
(1)ΔIRISKt 0.5140.4870.2990.0380.1910.2420.2150.1200.0830.1210.0500.0780.0800.045
(2)ΔIRISKt30.631 0.6930.1740.0230.1100.1260.1110.0610.0250.0780.0430.0590.0660.032
(3)ΔIRISKt50.6320.780 0.1850.0320.1130.1330.1150.0670.0380.0890.0440.0600.0670.033
(4)Δ(COLx/CE)t0.3360.2560.267 0.2020.4000.5490.5090.2660.2550.2370.1110.1740.1770.093
(5)Δ(IP/CE)t0.0680.0530.0550.203 0.0440.0920.0770.0410.0610.0710.0280.0330.0330.023
(6)Δ(STD/CE)t0.2400.2010.2080.4580.079 0.2970.2750.2280.1620.1040.0640.1050.1040.058
(7)Δ(NCL/ CE)t0.2650.1900.1960.4900.1270.214 0.9030.2820.3560.3820.0960.1550.1520.089
(8)Δ(LTD/CE)t0.2290.1520.1570.4640.1100.1480.906 0.3080.2840.1830.0880.1440.1400.083
(9)Δ(CapL/CE)t0.1320.0840.0910.2840.0640.2010.2890.304 0.112−0.1790.0490.0770.0770.044
(10)Δ(DTX/CE)t0.1000.0460.0520.1960.0680.1160.3230.2910.103 0.0880.0410.0610.0530.047
(11)Δ(ONCL/CE)t0.1570.1340.1380.2110.0830.1880.4670.211−0.1360.088 0.0440.0790.0750.036
(12)Δ(PSR/CE)t0.0090.0080.005#0.0270.0170.0280.0270.0240.0230.000!−0.009 0.0430.3730.456
(13)Δ(PSNR/CE)t0.0480.0380.0400.0840.0170.0760.0690.0580.0210.0070.052−0.000! 0.7060.333
(14)Δ(PSC/CE)t0.0640.0540.0570.1130.0180.0930.1010.0760.0410.0120.0570.0330.836 −0.002!
(15)Δ(PSNC/CE)t0.0070.006#0.003!0.0220.0160.0250.0220.0210.021−0.000!−0.0110.9980.003!0.001! 

Note(s): All coefficients are significant at the 5% level, except those with # – not significant, and ! – significant at the 10% level. The upper right corner reports Pearson correlation coefficients, and the left lower corner reports Spearman correlation coefficients. Δ signifies the difference in the level of the variable between period t and t−1.  Appendix 2 provides variable definitions

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