Table 1

Summary of literature on value creation activities in the digital era

Recognized value creation phasesValue creation activitiesLiterature
Creating and triggering a new understanding and demand in customer companies and networksDeveloping and maintaining relationships with several decision-makers and analysing customer behaviour using customer dataCharterina et al. (2017), Järvinen and Karjaluoto (2015), Kaski et al. (2018), Mehl and Hansen (2017) and Wiersema (2013) 
Facilitating customer learning by providing new knowledge and demonstrations to communicate value propositionsEnhancing digital content and social media marketing, marketing automation and consulting and trial and pilot projects with customersHolliman and Rowley (2014), Järvinen and Taiminen (2016), Koiso-Kanttila (2004) and Rust and Huang (2014) 
Co-creating and contextualizing value propositions within customer processes during sales interactionsDeveloping an understanding of the business models, processes and latent customer needs, as customers evaluate relationship value according to the benefits and costsBlocker et al. (2011), Eggert et al. (2006), Ritter and Walter (2012), Terho et al. (2012), Töytäri and Rajala (2015) and Ulaga and Eggert (2005) 
Integrating resources in co-production to create valueManaging relations and resource integration, solving value conflicts and implementing solutionsAarikka-Stenroos and Jaakkola (2012), Grönroos and Voima (2013) and Vargo and Lusch (2016) 
Managing customer relationships and promoting new value propositions concerning new sales opportunitiesManaging customer relationships, facilitating customer learning and triggering new development opportunitiesHaas et al. (2012), Holliman and Rowley (2014), Terho et al. (2012) and Töytäri and Rajala (2015) 

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