Scale accuracy analysis
| Research constructs | Variable | Mean value | Scale mean | SD | Scale SD | Cronbach’s test | CR | AVE | Factor loadings | VIF (outer) values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item total | α | ||||||||||
| ICN | – | – | 4.695 | – | 1.236 | – | 0.842 | 0.894 | 0.679 | – | |
| ICN1 | 4.728 | – | 1.314 | – | 0.765 | – | – | – | 0.857 | 1.826 | |
| ICN2 | 4.630 | – | 1.224 | – | 0.712 | – | – | – | 0.859 | 1.935 | |
| ICN3 | 4.719 | – | 1.160 | – | 0.787 | – | – | – | 0.800 | 1.986 | |
| ICN4 | 3.963 | – | 1.327 | – | 0.701 | – | – | – | 0.777 | 1.989 | |
| IM | – | – | 4.105 | – | 1.197 | – | 0.827 | 0.897 | 0.745 | – | |
| IM1 | 4.613 | – | 1.094 | – | 0.788 | – | – | – | 0.916 | 2.018 | |
| IM2 | 4.251 | – | 1.398 | – | 0.721 | – | – | – | 0.877 | 2.561 | |
| IM4 | 4.369 | – | 1.232 | – | 0.734 | – | – | – | 0.791 | 1.987 | |
| ICD | – | – | 4.230 | – | 1.450 | – | 0.893 | 0.926 | 0.757 | ||
| ICD1 | 3.928 | – | 1.477 | – | 0.772 | – | – | – | 0.839 | 1.624 | |
| ICD2 | 4.101 | – | 1.498 | – | 0.789 | – | – | – | 0.905 | 1.770 | |
| ICD3 | 3.713 | – | 1.593 | – | 0.788 | – | – | – | 0.876 | 1.785 | |
| ICD4 | 4.195 | – | 1.625 | – | 0.797 | – | – | – | 0.859 | 1.826 | |
| ICAP | – | – | 4.456 | – | 1.462 | – | 0.854 | 0.896 | 0.633 | – | – |
| ICAP1 | 4.582 | – | 1.213 | – | 0.716 | – | – | – | 0.816 | 1.973 | |
| ICAP2 | 4.748 | – | 1.235 | – | 0.755 | – | – | – | 0.810 | 1.892 | |
| ICAP3 | 4.630 | – | 1.227 | – | 0.752 | – | – | – | 0.723 | 1.692 | |
| ICAP4 | 4.569 | – | 1.317 | – | 0.782 | – | – | – | 0.868 | 1.752 | |
| ICAP5 | 4.826 | – | 1.333 | – | 0.721 | – | – | – | 0.754 | 1.778 | |
| POWE | – | – | 4.351 | – | 1.321 | – | 0.899 | 0.922 | 0.666 | – | – |
| POWE1 | 3.513 | – | 1.261 | – | 0.721 | – | – | – | 0.742 | 1.334 | |
| POWE2 | 3.822 | – | 1.168 | – | 0.737 | – | – | – | 0.813 | 1.432 | |
| POWE3 | 3.921 | – | 1.188 | – | 0.734 | – | – | – | 0.835 | 1.338 | |
| POWE4 | 4.102 | – | 1.168 | – | 0.773 | – | – | – | 0.764 | 1.785 | |
| POWE5 | 4.231 | – | 1.398 | – | 0.756 | – | – | – | 0.922 | 1.553 | |
| POWE6 | 4.331 | – | 1.232 | – | 0.768 | – | – | – | 0.808 | 1.567 | |
| EED | – | – | 3.497 | – | 1.247 | – | 0.855 | 0.899 | 0.691 | – | – |
| EED1 | 3.670 | – | 1.188 | – | 0.734 | – | – | – | 0.701 | 1.987 | |
| EED2 | 3.464 | – | 1.168 | – | 0.830 | – | – | – | 0.865 | 2.008 | |
| EED3 | 3.307 | – | 1.398 | – | 0.749 | – | – | – | 0.845 | 2.061 | |
| EED4 | 4.547 | – | 1.232 | – | 0.816 | – | – | – | 0.812 | 2.642 | |
| PP | – | – | 3.359 | – | 1.547 | – | 0.930 | 0.943 | 0.735 | – | – |
| PP1 | 3.561 | – | 1.449 | – | 0.701 | – | – | – | 0.749 | 1.564 | |
| PP4 | 4.852 | – | 1.534 | – | 0.737 | – | – | – | 0.883 | 1.234 | |
| PP5 | 4.821 | – | 1.626 | – | 0.755 | – | – | – | 0.914 | 1.345 | |
| PP6 | 4.974 | – | 1.416 | – | 0.767 | – | – | – | 0.882 | 1.438 | |
| PP7 | 4.843 | – | 1.433 | – | 0.778 | – | – | – | 0.839 | 1.547 | |
| PP8 | 4.387 | – | 1.457 | – | 0.780 | – | – | – | 0.866 | 1.678 | |
| Research constructs | Variable | Mean value | Scale mean | SD | Scale SD | Cronbach’s test | CR | AVE | Factor loadings | VIF (outer) values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item total | α | ||||||||||
| ICN | – | – | 4.695 | – | 1.236 | – | 0.842 | 0.894 | 0.679 | – | |
| ICN1 | 4.728 | – | 1.314 | – | 0.765 | – | – | – | 0.857 | 1.826 | |
| ICN2 | 4.630 | – | 1.224 | – | 0.712 | – | – | – | 0.859 | 1.935 | |
| ICN3 | 4.719 | – | 1.160 | – | 0.787 | – | – | – | 0.800 | 1.986 | |
| ICN4 | 3.963 | – | 1.327 | – | 0.701 | – | – | – | 0.777 | 1.989 | |
| IM | – | – | 4.105 | – | 1.197 | – | 0.827 | 0.897 | 0.745 | – | |
| IM1 | 4.613 | – | 1.094 | – | 0.788 | – | – | – | 0.916 | 2.018 | |
| IM2 | 4.251 | – | 1.398 | – | 0.721 | – | – | – | 0.877 | 2.561 | |
| IM4 | 4.369 | – | 1.232 | – | 0.734 | – | – | – | 0.791 | 1.987 | |
| ICD | – | – | 4.230 | – | 1.450 | – | 0.893 | 0.926 | 0.757 | ||
| ICD1 | 3.928 | – | 1.477 | – | 0.772 | – | – | – | 0.839 | 1.624 | |
| ICD2 | 4.101 | – | 1.498 | – | 0.789 | – | – | – | 0.905 | 1.770 | |
| ICD3 | 3.713 | – | 1.593 | – | 0.788 | – | – | – | 0.876 | 1.785 | |
| ICD4 | 4.195 | – | 1.625 | – | 0.797 | – | – | – | 0.859 | 1.826 | |
| ICAP | – | – | 4.456 | – | 1.462 | – | 0.854 | 0.896 | 0.633 | – | – |
| ICAP1 | 4.582 | – | 1.213 | – | 0.716 | – | – | – | 0.816 | 1.973 | |
| ICAP2 | 4.748 | – | 1.235 | – | 0.755 | – | – | – | 0.810 | 1.892 | |
| ICAP3 | 4.630 | – | 1.227 | – | 0.752 | – | – | – | 0.723 | 1.692 | |
| ICAP4 | 4.569 | – | 1.317 | – | 0.782 | – | – | – | 0.868 | 1.752 | |
| ICAP5 | 4.826 | – | 1.333 | – | 0.721 | – | – | – | 0.754 | 1.778 | |
| POWE | – | – | 4.351 | – | 1.321 | – | 0.899 | 0.922 | 0.666 | – | – |
| POWE1 | 3.513 | – | 1.261 | – | 0.721 | – | – | – | 0.742 | 1.334 | |
| POWE2 | 3.822 | – | 1.168 | – | 0.737 | – | – | – | 0.813 | 1.432 | |
| POWE3 | 3.921 | – | 1.188 | – | 0.734 | – | – | – | 0.835 | 1.338 | |
| POWE4 | 4.102 | – | 1.168 | – | 0.773 | – | – | – | 0.764 | 1.785 | |
| POWE5 | 4.231 | – | 1.398 | – | 0.756 | – | – | – | 0.922 | 1.553 | |
| POWE6 | 4.331 | – | 1.232 | – | 0.768 | – | – | – | 0.808 | 1.567 | |
| EED | – | – | 3.497 | – | 1.247 | – | 0.855 | 0.899 | 0.691 | – | – |
| EED1 | 3.670 | – | 1.188 | – | 0.734 | – | – | – | 0.701 | 1.987 | |
| EED2 | 3.464 | – | 1.168 | – | 0.830 | – | – | – | 0.865 | 2.008 | |
| EED3 | 3.307 | – | 1.398 | – | 0.749 | – | – | – | 0.845 | 2.061 | |
| EED4 | 4.547 | – | 1.232 | – | 0.816 | – | – | – | 0.812 | 2.642 | |
| PP | – | – | 3.359 | – | 1.547 | – | 0.930 | 0.943 | 0.735 | – | – |
| PP1 | 3.561 | – | 1.449 | – | 0.701 | – | – | – | 0.749 | 1.564 | |
| PP4 | 4.852 | – | 1.534 | – | 0.737 | – | – | – | 0.883 | 1.234 | |
| PP5 | 4.821 | – | 1.626 | – | 0.755 | – | – | – | 0.914 | 1.345 | |
| PP6 | 4.974 | – | 1.416 | – | 0.767 | – | – | – | 0.882 | 1.438 | |
| PP7 | 4.843 | – | 1.433 | – | 0.778 | – | – | – | 0.839 | 1.547 | |
| PP8 | 4.387 | – | 1.457 | – | 0.780 | – | – | – | 0.866 | 1.678 | |
Note(s): ICN = innovation conviction; IM = innovation mindset; ICD = innovation creed; ICAP = innovation capability; POWE = performance of women entrepreneurs; EED = entrepreneurial education; PP = proactive personality
Source(s): Created by authors