Robustness tests: PSM (sample = 9102)
| Variable | Water_disclosure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Gender_num | 0.010* (1.665) | 0.035*** (3.255) | ||||
| Gender_ratio | 0.105** (1.973) | 0.282*** (2.853) | ||||
| Gender_ind | 0.029*** (2.910) | 0.062*** (3.414) | ||||
| Water_sensitive | −0.091*** (−5.619) | −0.091*** (−5.649) | −0.088*** (−5.400) | |||
| Gender_num* Water_sensitive | −0.054*** (−2.759) | |||||
| Gender_ratio* Water_sensitive | −0.484*** (−2.707) | |||||
| Gender_ind* Water_sensitive | −0.027*** (−2.793) | |||||
| Size | 0.149*** (22.892) | 0.163*** (25.989) | 0.149*** (22.957) | 0.194*** (25.110) | 0.194*** (25.116) | 0.194*** (25.127) |
| Lev | −0.259*** (−6.091) | −0.366*** (−8.755) | −0.262*** (−6.142) | −0.589*** (−11.997) | −0.587*** (−11.963) | −0.595*** (−12.126) |
| Roa | −0.941*** (−7.004) | −1.075*** (−8.171) | −0.946*** (−7.046) | −1.517*** (−9.256) | −1.517*** (−9.254) | −1.512*** (−9.223) |
| SOE | 0.045** (2.424) | 0.046** (2.496) | 0.045** (2.388) | 0.104*** (5.546) | 0.105*** (5.593) | 0.102*** (5.421) |
| Dual | −0.030* (−1.870) | −0.022 (−1.354) | −0.029* (−1.813) | 0.03 (−1.479) | 0.03 (−1.476) | 0.031 (−1.538) |
| Board | −0.221* (−1.871) | −0.211* (−1.772) | −0.238** (−2.023) | −0.211 (−1.449) | −0.218 (−1.491) | −0.221 (−1.513) |
| Tobin’s Q | −0.035*** (−5.467) | −0.049*** (−8.008) | −0.035*** (−5.438) | −0.038*** (−4.815) | −0.038*** (−4.818) | −0.038*** (−4.816) |
| Age | 0.084*** (7.353) | 0.120*** (10.885) | 0.083*** (7.291) | 0.103*** (7.516) | 0.102*** (7.494) | 0.103*** (7.559) |
| Constant | −3.150*** (−7.515) | −3.436*** (−8.152) | −3.158*** (−7.537) | −2.651*** (−15.281) | −2.652*** (−15.281) | −2.651*** (−15.281) |
| Year | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Industry | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Obs | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 |
| Adj-R2 | 0.302 | 0.285 | 0.302 | 0.229 | 0.228 | 0.229 |
| F | 106.2 | 125.9 | 106.5 | 90.33 | 90.2 | 90.4 |
| Variable | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| 0.010* (1.665) | 0.035*** (3.255) | |||||
| 0.105** (1.973) | 0.282*** (2.853) | |||||
| 0.029*** (2.910) | 0.062*** (3.414) | |||||
| −0.091*** (−5.619) | −0.091*** (−5.649) | −0.088*** (−5.400) | ||||
| −0.054*** (−2.759) | ||||||
| −0.484*** (−2.707) | ||||||
| −0.027*** (−2.793) | ||||||
| 0.149*** (22.892) | 0.163*** (25.989) | 0.149*** (22.957) | 0.194*** (25.110) | 0.194*** (25.116) | 0.194*** (25.127) | |
| −0.259*** (−6.091) | −0.366*** (−8.755) | −0.262*** (−6.142) | −0.589*** (−11.997) | −0.587*** (−11.963) | −0.595*** (−12.126) | |
| −0.941*** (−7.004) | −1.075*** (−8.171) | −0.946*** (−7.046) | −1.517*** (−9.256) | −1.517*** (−9.254) | −1.512*** (−9.223) | |
| 0.045** (2.424) | 0.046** (2.496) | 0.045** (2.388) | 0.104*** (5.546) | 0.105*** (5.593) | 0.102*** (5.421) | |
| −0.030* (−1.870) | −0.022 (−1.354) | −0.029* (−1.813) | 0.03 (−1.479) | 0.03 (−1.476) | 0.031 (−1.538) | |
| −0.221* (−1.871) | −0.211* (−1.772) | −0.238** (−2.023) | −0.211 (−1.449) | −0.218 (−1.491) | −0.221 (−1.513) | |
| −0.035*** (−5.467) | −0.049*** (−8.008) | −0.035*** (−5.438) | −0.038*** (−4.815) | −0.038*** (−4.818) | −0.038*** (−4.816) | |
| 0.084*** (7.353) | 0.120*** (10.885) | 0.083*** (7.291) | 0.103*** (7.516) | 0.102*** (7.494) | 0.103*** (7.559) | |
| −3.150*** (−7.515) | −3.436*** (−8.152) | −3.158*** (−7.537) | −2.651*** (−15.281) | −2.652*** (−15.281) | −2.651*** (−15.281) | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | 9,102 | |
| 0.302 | 0.285 | 0.302 | 0.229 | 0.228 | 0.229 | |
| 106.2 | 125.9 | 106.5 | 90.33 | 90.2 | 90.4 | |
Note(s): This table presents the regression results of robustness tests examining the effect of female directors on water information disclosure by using PSM. Columns (1) and (4) detail how Gender_num, as an independent variable, influences water information disclosure. Meanwhile, Columns (2) and (5) detail how Gender_ratio, as an independent variable, influences water information disclosure. Lastly, Columns (3) and (6) describe how Gender_ind, as an independent variable, influences water information disclosure. The t-values are given in parentheses next to the coefficients. All variables are defined in Appendix 1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Sharing content requires targeting cookies to be enabled. Please update your cookie preferences to use this feature.