Table 10

Robustness tests: PSM (sample = 9102)

VariableWater_disclosure
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)
Gender_num0.010* (1.665)  0.035*** (3.255)  
Gender_ratio 0.105** (1.973)  0.282*** (2.853) 
Gender_ind  0.029*** (2.910)  0.062*** (3.414)
Water_sensitive   −0.091*** (−5.619)−0.091*** (−5.649)−0.088*** (−5.400)
Gender_num* Water_sensitive   −0.054*** (−2.759)  
Gender_ratio* Water_sensitive    −0.484*** (−2.707) 
Gender_ind* Water_sensitive     −0.027*** (−2.793)
Size0.149*** (22.892)0.163*** (25.989)0.149*** (22.957)0.194*** (25.110)0.194*** (25.116)0.194*** (25.127)
Lev−0.259*** (−6.091)−0.366*** (−8.755)−0.262*** (−6.142)−0.589*** (−11.997)−0.587*** (−11.963)−0.595*** (−12.126)
Roa−0.941*** (−7.004)−1.075*** (−8.171)−0.946*** (−7.046)−1.517*** (−9.256)−1.517*** (−9.254)−1.512*** (−9.223)
SOE0.045** (2.424)0.046** (2.496)0.045** (2.388)0.104*** (5.546)0.105*** (5.593)0.102*** (5.421)
Dual−0.030* (−1.870)−0.022 (−1.354)−0.029* (−1.813)0.03 (−1.479)0.03 (−1.476)0.031 (−1.538)
Board−0.221* (−1.871)−0.211* (−1.772)−0.238** (−2.023)−0.211 (−1.449)−0.218 (−1.491)−0.221 (−1.513)
Tobin’s Q−0.035*** (−5.467)−0.049*** (−8.008)−0.035*** (−5.438)−0.038*** (−4.815)−0.038*** (−4.818)−0.038*** (−4.816)
Age0.084*** (7.353)0.120*** (10.885)0.083*** (7.291)0.103*** (7.516)0.102*** (7.494)0.103*** (7.559)
Constant−3.150*** (−7.515)−3.436*** (−8.152)−3.158*** (−7.537)−2.651*** (−15.281)−2.652*** (−15.281)−2.651*** (−15.281)
YearYesYesYesYesYesYes
IndustryYesYesYesYesYesYes
Obs9,1029,1029,1029,1029,1029,102
Adj-R20.3020.2850.3020.2290.2280.229
F106.2125.9106.590.3390.290.4

Note(s): This table presents the regression results of robustness tests examining the effect of female directors on water information disclosure by using PSM. Columns (1) and (4) detail how Gender_num, as an independent variable, influences water information disclosure. Meanwhile, Columns (2) and (5) detail how Gender_ratio, as an independent variable, influences water information disclosure. Lastly, Columns (3) and (6) describe how Gender_ind, as an independent variable, influences water information disclosure. The t-values are given in parentheses next to the coefficients. All variables are defined in  Appendix 1. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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