Table 2 Descriptive statistics of TFP... | Emerald Publishing

Table 2

Descriptive statistics of TFP and other variables

Variables	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max
lnTFP	12,939	4.437	5.538	0.225	507.901
Dummy outsourcing	12,939	0.056	0.230	0	1
Outsourcing expenditure Intensity	12,939	0.004	0.031	0.000	0.972
Firm age	12,939	13.661	10.245	2	77
Firm size	12,939	13.678	1.832	5.288	19.995
Capital structure	12,939	0.091	0.255	0.000	12.886
Dummy innovation	12,939	0.481	0.499	0	1

Variables	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev	Min	Max
lnTFP	12,939	4.437	5.538	0.225	507.901
Dummy outsourcing	12,939	0.056	0.230	0	1
Outsourcing expenditure Intensity	12,939	0.004	0.031	0.000	0.972
Firm age	12,939	13.661	10.245	2	77
Firm size	12,939	13.678	1.832	5.288	19.995
Capital structure	12,939	0.091	0.255	0.000	12.886
Dummy innovation	12,939	0.481	0.499	0	1

Source(s): Authors’ calculations