Estimation results for environmental satisfaction (SWB3_ENV)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Coef | Std.Err | Coef | Std.Err | Coef | Std.Err |
| Income group 2 | −0.027 | 0.211 | 0.234 | 0.261 | −0.560 | 0.352 |
| Income group 3 | −0.210 | 0.206 | 0.058 | 0.257 | −0.536 | 0.360 |
| Income group 4 | −0.079 | 0.203 | 0.339 | 0.249 | −0.686* | 0.367 |
| Income group 5 | −0.526** | 0.214 | 0.012 | 0.271 | −0.862** | 0.347 |
| Median income | 0.026 | 0.153 | 0.149 | 0.186 | 0.065 | 0.269 |
| # Children | 0.161 | 0.339 | −0.049 | 0.319 | 0.588 | 0.510 |
| # Children squared | −0.086 | 0.245 | 0.027 | 0.280 | −0.172 | 0.364 |
| Age group 2 | 0.147 | 0.207 | −0.071 | 0.278 | −0.035 | 0.354 |
| Age group 3 | −0.021 | 0.227 | −0.299 | 0.304 | 0.004 | 0.395 |
| Age group 4 | 0.037 | 0.262 | −0.236 | 0.327 | −0.174 | 0.434 |
| House ownership | −0.343*** | 0.115 | −0.258* | 0.149 | −0.362* | 0.194 |
| Female | −0.004 | 0.105 | 0.048 | 0.126 | −0.089 | 0.185 |
| Laugh | 0.139 | 0.106 | 0.174 | 0.129 | 0.256 | 0.176 |
| Engagement | −0.199** | 0.098 | −0.235* | 0.123 | −0.181 | 0.167 |
| Swb_indi_coll 2 | −0.094 | 0.163 | −0.185 | 0.209 | −0.364* | 0.219 |
| Swb_indi_coll 3 | −0.216 | 0.221 | −0.395 | 0.301 | −0.583 | 0.359 |
| Service culture 2 | 0.608*** | 0.226 | 0.744*** | 0.284 | 0.845* | 0.453 |
| Service culture 3 | 1.001*** | 0.234 | 1.118*** | 0.291 | 1.255*** | 0.456 |
| Service sport 2 | 0.671*** | 0.187 | 0.645*** | 0.225 | 0.693** | 0.301 |
| Service sport 3 | 0.826*** | 0.197 | 0.704*** | 0.235 | 0.695** | 0.310 |
| Service transport 2 | – | – | 0.398** | 0.190 | – | – |
| Service transport 3 | – | – | 0.833*** | 0.197 | – | – |
| Environment 2 | – | – | – | – | 1.478*** | 0.206 |
| Environment 3 | – | – | – | – | 2.929*** | 0.311 |
| 0.530 | 1.219 | 2.086 | 1.474 | 1.541 | 2.117 | |
| 2.747** | 1.219 | 4.426*** | 1.475 | 4.486** | 2.103 | |
| # Observations | 667 | 446 | 296 | |||
| # Parameters | 27 | 30 | 30 | |||
| Log-likelihood | −509 | −321 | −168 | |||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.094 | 0.145 | 0.325 | |||
| AIC | 1072.305 | 702.462 | 397.625 | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Coef | Std.Err | Coef | Std.Err | Coef | Std.Err |
| Income group 2 | −0.027 | 0.211 | 0.234 | 0.261 | −0.560 | 0.352 |
| Income group 3 | −0.210 | 0.206 | 0.058 | 0.257 | −0.536 | 0.360 |
| Income group 4 | −0.079 | 0.203 | 0.339 | 0.249 | −0.686* | 0.367 |
| Income group 5 | −0.526** | 0.214 | 0.012 | 0.271 | −0.862** | 0.347 |
| Median income | 0.026 | 0.153 | 0.149 | 0.186 | 0.065 | 0.269 |
| # Children | 0.161 | 0.339 | −0.049 | 0.319 | 0.588 | 0.510 |
| # Children squared | −0.086 | 0.245 | 0.027 | 0.280 | −0.172 | 0.364 |
| Age group 2 | 0.147 | 0.207 | −0.071 | 0.278 | −0.035 | 0.354 |
| Age group 3 | −0.021 | 0.227 | −0.299 | 0.304 | 0.004 | 0.395 |
| Age group 4 | 0.037 | 0.262 | −0.236 | 0.327 | −0.174 | 0.434 |
| House ownership | −0.343*** | 0.115 | −0.258* | 0.149 | −0.362* | 0.194 |
| Female | −0.004 | 0.105 | 0.048 | 0.126 | −0.089 | 0.185 |
| Laugh | 0.139 | 0.106 | 0.174 | 0.129 | 0.256 | 0.176 |
| Engagement | −0.199** | 0.098 | −0.235* | 0.123 | −0.181 | 0.167 |
| Swb_indi_coll 2 | −0.094 | 0.163 | −0.185 | 0.209 | −0.364* | 0.219 |
| Swb_indi_coll 3 | −0.216 | 0.221 | −0.395 | 0.301 | −0.583 | 0.359 |
| Service culture 2 | 0.608*** | 0.226 | 0.744*** | 0.284 | 0.845* | 0.453 |
| Service culture 3 | 1.001*** | 0.234 | 1.118*** | 0.291 | 1.255*** | 0.456 |
| Service sport 2 | 0.671*** | 0.187 | 0.645*** | 0.225 | 0.693** | 0.301 |
| Service sport 3 | 0.826*** | 0.197 | 0.704*** | 0.235 | 0.695** | 0.310 |
| Service transport 2 | – | – | 0.398** | 0.190 | – | – |
| Service transport 3 | – | – | 0.833*** | 0.197 | – | – |
| Environment 2 | – | – | – | – | 1.478*** | 0.206 |
| Environment 3 | – | – | – | – | 2.929*** | 0.311 |
| 0.530 | 1.219 | 2.086 | 1.474 | 1.541 | 2.117 | |
| 2.747** | 1.219 | 4.426*** | 1.475 | 4.486** | 2.103 | |
| # Observations | 667 | 446 | 296 | |||
| # Parameters | 27 | 30 | 30 | |||
| Log-likelihood | −509 | −321 | −168 | |||
| Pseudo | 0.094 | 0.145 | 0.325 | |||
| AIC | 1072.305 | 702.462 | 397.625 | |||
Note(s): Model 1 corresponds to regression with socioeconomic, lifestyle variables and externalities from public services (Sport, Culture). Model 2 corresponds to regression with the same variables as in Model 1 and with an additional variable on public transport (Transport), reducing the number of observations from 667 to 446. Model 3 corresponds to regression with the same variables as in Model 1 and with environmental externality (Environment). If we keep public transport (Transport) in Model 3, there are only 205 observations left. All explanatory variables are exogenous based on the variable addition test (Wooldridge, 2014). Significance levels: *10%, ** 5% and *** 1%
Source(s): Table by the authors